{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T16:37:07Z","timestamp":1761237427190},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overlap in geographical distribution of<jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>malaria and endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (eBL) \u2013 an aggressive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated B-cell tumour occurring almost exclusively in the tropics \u2013 strongly suggests a link between the two diseases. It is suspected that the polyclonal B-cell activation in<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>malaria may precipitate a breakdown in homeostatic T-cell control of EBV-immortalized B-cell proliferation. Previous studies have suggested that a particular T-cell subset, characterized by expression of V<jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>\u03b3\u03b4<\/jats:italic>T-cell receptors, is important for maintaining B-cell homeostasis, both in<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>- exposed populations and in individuals subject to polyclonal B-cell activation of other aetiology. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to characterize lymphocyte phenotypes and to investigate possible differences in T-cell subset composition and activation status in<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>-exposed Ghanaian children with and without eBL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Venous blood samples in heparin from 21 eBL patients (mean age: 7.0 years; range: 3\u201311 years), referred to the Burkitt's Tumour Centre at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra and 15 healthy, age and sex matched children, were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-, phycoerythrin (PE)-, R-phycoerythrin (RPE)- and RPE-Cy5-conjugated antibodies (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, CD69, CD95, HLA-DR, TCR-<jats:italic>\u03b3\u03b4<\/jats:italic>, V<jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>1, V<jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>3, V<jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>9 and B-cells) and acquired on a flow cytometer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A reduction in the proportion of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells in eBL patients, due mainly to perturbations among TCR-<jats:italic>\u03b3\u03b4<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells was observed. In contrast, the proportions of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>or CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells were relatively unaffected, as were the mean numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Selective changes in numbers and activation status of TCR-<jats:italic>\u03b3\u03b4<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells occurs in Ghanaian children with eBL, a pattern which is similar to<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>-induced changes. The data supports the hypothesis of a regulatory role for V<jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>TcR-<jats:italic>\u03b3\u03b4<\/jats:italic>T-cells in maintaining B-cell homeostasis and provides insights into the pathogenesis of eBL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-6-69","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,23]],"date-time":"2007-05-23T23:33:18Z","timestamp":1179963198000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Selective activation of TCR-\u03b3\u03b4+ cells in endemic Burkitt's lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Godfred","family":"Futagbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer E","family":"Welbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John Kweku A","family":"Tetteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Hviid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bartholomew D","family":"Akanmori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"374_CR1","first-page":"19","volume":"42","author":"DP Burkitt","year":"1969","unstructured":"Burkitt DP: Etiology of Burkitt's lymphoma \u2013 an alternative hypothesis to a vectored virus. 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