{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T14:25:52Z","timestamp":1791123952340,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>, the principal vector of malignant malaria in Africa, occupies a wide range of habitats. Environmental flexibility may be conferred by a number of chromosomal inversions non-randomly associated with aridity, including 2La. The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological mechanisms associated with the 2La inversion that may result in the preferential survival of its carriers in hygrically-stressful environments.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Two homokaryotypic populations of <jats:italic>A. gambiae<\/jats:italic> (inverted 2La and standard 2L+<jats:sup>a<\/jats:sup>) were created from a parental laboratory colony polymorphic for 2La and standard for all other known inversions. Desiccation resistance, water, energy and dry mass of adult females of both populations were compared at several ages and following acclimation to a more arid environment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Females carrying 2La were significantly more resistant to desiccation than 2L+<jats:sup>a<\/jats:sup> females at emergence and four days post-emergence, for different reasons. Teneral 2La females had lower rates of water loss than their 2L+<jats:sup>a<\/jats:sup> counterparts, while at four days, 2La females had higher initial water content. No differences in desiccation resistance were found at eight days, with or without acclimation. However, acclimation resulted in both populations significantly reducing their rates of water loss and increasing their desiccation resistance. Acclimation had contrasting effects on the body characteristics of the two populations: 2La females boosted their glycogen stores and decreased lipids, whereas 2La females did the contrary.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Variation in rates of water loss and response to acclimation are associated with alternative arrangements of the 2La inversion. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these traits will help explain how inversion polymorphisms permit exploitation of a heterogeneous environment by this disease vector.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,22]],"date-time":"2009-09-22T06:14:21Z","timestamp":1253600061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Inversion 2La is associated with enhanced desiccation resistance in Anopheles gambiae"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Emilie M","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle AC","family":"Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Costantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora J","family":"Besansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"963_CR1","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Insects in a changing environment","author":"R Sutherst","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sutherst R, Maywald G, Skarratt D: Predicting insect distributions in a changed climate. Insects in a changing environment. Edited by: Harrington R, Stork N. 1995, London: Academic Press, 59-91."},{"key":"963_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0369","volume":"265","author":"SW Lindsay","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lindsay SW, Parson L, Thomas CJ: Mapping the ranges and relative abundance of the two principal African malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and An. arabiensis, using climate data. Proc Biol Sci. 1998, 265: 847-854. 10.1098\/rspb.1998.0369.","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"963_CR3","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Disease and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa","author":"RW Snow","year":"2006","unstructured":"Snow RW, Omumbo JA: Malaria. Disease and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Edited by: Jamison DT, Feachem RJ, Makgoba MW, Bos ER, Baingana FK, Hofman KJ, Rogo KO. 2006, Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 195-213. 2","edition":"2"},{"key":"963_CR4","first-page":"101","volume":"41","author":"JR Powell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Powell JR, Petrarca V, della Torre A, Caccone A, Coluzzi M: Population structure, speciation, and introgression in the Anopheles gambiae complex. Parassitologia. 1999, 41: 101-113.","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"963_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90036-1","volume":"73","author":"M Coluzzi","year":"1979","unstructured":"Coluzzi M, Sabatini A, Petrarca V, Di Deco MA: Chromosomal differentiation and adaptation to human environments in the Anopheles gambiae complex. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1979, 73: 483-497. 10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90036-1.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"963_CR6","first-page":"477","volume":"40","author":"YT Toure","year":"1998","unstructured":"Toure YT, Petrarca V, Traore SF, Coulibaly A, Maiga HM, Sankare O, Sow M, Di Deco MA, Coluzzi M: The distribution and inversion polymorphism of chromosomally recognized taxa of the Anopheles gambiae complex in Mali, West Africa. Parassitologia. 1998, 40: 477-511.","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"963_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709806105","volume":"105","author":"NC Manoukis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Manoukis NC, Powell JR, Toure MB, Sacko A, Edillo FE, Coulibaly MB, Traore SF, Taylor CE, Besansky NJ: A test of the chromosomal theory of ecotypic speciation in Anopheles gambiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008, 105: 2940-2945. 10.1073\/pnas.0709806105.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"963_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.46.229","volume":"46","author":"V Petrarca","year":"1992","unstructured":"Petrarca V, Beier JC: Intraspecific chromosomal polymorphism in the Anopheles gambiae complex as a factor affecting malaria transmission in the Kisumu area of Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992, 46: 229-237.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"963_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-39.4.568","volume":"39","author":"BD Brooke","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brooke BD, Hunt RH, Chandre F, Carnevale P, Coetzee M: Stable chromosomal inversion polymorphisms and insecticide resistance in the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 2002, 39: 568-573.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"963_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0269-283x.2001.00298.x","volume":"15","author":"MN Bayoh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bayoh MN, Thomas CJ, Lindsay SW: Mapping distributions of chromosomal forms of Anopheles gambiae in West Africa using climate data. Med Vet Entomol. 2001, 15: 267-274. 10.1046\/j.0269-283x.2001.00298.x.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"963_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6785-9-17","volume":"9","author":"F Simard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Simard F, Ayala D, Kamdem GC, Pombi M, Etouna J, Ose K, Fotsing J-M, Fontenille D, Besansky NJ, Costantini C: Ecological niche partitioning between Anopheles gambiae molecular forms in Cameroon: the ecological side of speciation. BMC Ecology. 2009, 9: 17-10.1186\/1472-6785-9-17.","journal-title":"BMC Ecology"},{"key":"963_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e217","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030217","volume":"3","author":"BJ White","year":"2007","unstructured":"White BJ, Hahn MW, Pombi M, Cassone BJ, Lobo NF, Simard F, Besansky NJ: Localization of candidate regions maintaining a common polymorphic inversion (2La) in Anopheles gambiae. PLoS Genet. 2007, 3: e217-10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030217.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"963_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077769","volume":"298","author":"M Coluzzi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Coluzzi M, Sabatini A, della Torre A, Di Deco MA, Petrarca V: A polytene chromosome analysis of the Anopheles gambiae species complex. Science. 2002, 298: 1415-1418. 10.1126\/science.1077769.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"963_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02201","volume":"209","author":"M Telonis-Scott","year":"2006","unstructured":"Telonis-Scott M, Guthridge KM, Hoffmann AA: A new set of laboratory-selected Drosophila melanogaster lines for the analysis of desiccation resistance: response to selection, physiology and correlated responses. J Exp Biol. 2006, 209: 1837-1847. 10.1242\/jeb.02201.","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"963_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00233","volume":"206","author":"AG Gibbs","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gibbs AG, Fukuzato F, Matzkin LM: Evolution of water conservation mechanisms in Drosophila. J Exp Biol. 2003, 206: 1183-1192. 10.1242\/jeb.00233.","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"963_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s001140100256","volume":"88","author":"JL Cloudsley-Thompson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cloudsley-Thompson JL: Thermal and water relations of desert beetles. Naturwissenschaften. 2001, 88: 447-460. 10.1007\/s001140100256.","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"963_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02630","volume":"210","author":"JB Benoit","year":"2007","unstructured":"Benoit JB, Denlinger DL: Suppression of water loss during adult diapause in the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens. J Exp Biol. 2007, 210: 217-226. 10.1242\/jeb.02630.","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"963_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.553","volume":"73","author":"EM Gray","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gray EM, Bradley TJ: Physiology of desiccation resistance in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005, 73: 553-559.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"963_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1603\/033.046.0216","volume":"46","author":"Y Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee Y, Meneses CR, Fofana A, Lanzaro GC: Desiccation resistance among subpopulations of Anopheles gambiae s.s. from Selinkenyi, Mali. J Med Entomol. 2009, 46: 316-320. 10.1603\/033.046.0216.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"963_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021293203512","volume":"480","author":"CE Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee CE, Frost BW: Morphological stasis in the Eurytemora affinis species complex (Copepoda: Temoridae). Hydrobiologia. 2002, 480: 111-128. 10.1023\/A:1021293203512.","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"963_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.334","volume":"76","author":"BJ White","year":"2007","unstructured":"White BJ, Santolamazza F, Kamau L, Pombi M, Grushko O, Mouline K, Brengues C, Guelbeogo W, Coulibaly M, Kayondo JK, Sharakhov I, Simard F, Petrarca V, Della Torre A, Besansky NJ: Molecular karyotyping of the 2La inversion in Anopheles gambiae. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007, 76: 334-339.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"963_CR22","first-page":"299","volume":"1","author":"E Van Handel","year":"1985","unstructured":"Van Handel E: Rapid determination of glycogen and sugars in mosquitoes. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1985, 1: 299-301.","journal-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc"},{"key":"963_CR23","volume-title":"English edn","author":"MH Holstein","year":"1954","unstructured":"Holstein MH: Biology of Anopheles gambiae: Research in French West Africa. English edn. 1954, Geneva: World Health Organization"},{"key":"963_CR24","first-page":"26","volume":"4","author":"T Lumley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lumley T: The survival package. R News. 2004, 4: 26-28.","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"963_CR25","first-page":"27","volume":"5","author":"D Bates","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bates D: Fitting linear mixed models in R. R News. 2005, 5: 27-30.","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"963_CR26","volume-title":"Development, nutrition and reproduction","author":"AN Clements","year":"1992","unstructured":"Clements AN: The biology of mosquitoes. Development, nutrition and reproduction. 1992, London; New York: Chapman & Hall, 1: 1","edition":"1"},{"key":"963_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1079\/BER2003288","volume":"94","author":"WA Foster","year":"2004","unstructured":"Foster WA, Takken W: Nectar-related vs. human-related volatiles: behavioural response and choice by female and male Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) between emergence and first feeding. Bull Entomol Res. 2004, 94: 145-157. 10.1079\/BER2003288.","journal-title":"Bull Entomol Res"},{"key":"963_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2007.08.014","volume":"54","author":"EM Gray","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gray EM, Chown SL: Bias, precision and accuracy in the estimation of cuticular and respiratory water loss: a case study from a highly variable cockroach, Perisphaeria sp. J Insect Physiol. 2008, 54: 169-179. 10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2007.08.014.","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol"},{"key":"963_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3032.2000.00197.x","volume":"25","author":"M Bosch","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bosch M, Chown SL, Scholtz CH: Discontinuous gas exchange and water loss in the keratin beetle Omorgus radula: further evidence against the water conservation hypothesis?. Physiol Entomol. 2000, 25: 309-314. 10.1046\/j.1365-3032.2000.00197.x.","journal-title":"Physiol Entomol"},{"key":"963_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.66.4.30163812","volume":"66","author":"MC Quinlan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Quinlan MC, Hadley NF: Gas exchange, ventilatory patterns, and water loss in two lubber grasshoppers: quantifying cuticular and respiratory transpiration. Physiol Zool. 1993, 66: 628-642.","journal-title":"Physiol Zool"},{"key":"963_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.201.21.2945","volume":"201","author":"AE Williams","year":"1998","unstructured":"Williams AE, Rose MR, Bradley TJ: Using laboratory selection for desiccation resistance to examine the relationship between respiratory pattern and water loss in insects. J Exp Biol. 1998, 201: 2945-2952.","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"963_CR32","first-page":"233","volume":"97","author":"LK Goma","year":"1964","unstructured":"Goma LK: The exudation of fluid by the newly emerged of the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae Giles. Entomologist. 1964, 97: 233-239.","journal-title":"Entomologist"},{"key":"963_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.50.4.30155735","volume":"50","author":"EC Toolson","year":"1977","unstructured":"Toolson EC, Hadley NF: Cuticular permeability and epicuticular lipid composition in two Arizona vejovid scorpions. Physiol Zool. 1977, 50: 323-330.","journal-title":"Physiol Zool"},{"key":"963_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(87)90050-3","volume":"33","author":"NF Hadley","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hadley NF, Schultz TD: Water loss in three species of tiger beetles (Cicindela): correlations with epicuticular hydrocarbons. J Insect Physiol. 1987, 33: 677-682. 10.1016\/0022-1910(87)90050-3.","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol"},{"key":"963_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.200.12.1821","volume":"200","author":"AG Gibbs","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gibbs AG, Chippindale AK, Rose MR: Physiological mechanisms of evolved desiccation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. J Exp Biol. 1997, 200: 1821-1832.","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"963_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2007.01.002","volume":"37","author":"B Caputo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Caputo B, Dani FR, Horne GL, N'Fale S, Diabate A, Turillazzi S, Coluzzi M, Costantini C, Priestman AA, Petrarca V, della Torre A: Comparative analysis of epicuticular lipid profiles of sympatric and allopatric field populations of Anopheles gambiae s.s. molecular forms and An. arabiensis from Burkina Faso (West Africa). Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2007, 37: 389-398. 10.1016\/j.ibmb.2007.01.002.","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"963_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2008.00796.x","volume":"17","author":"J Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang J, Goyer C, Pelletier Y: Environmental stresses induce the expression of putative glycine-rich insect cuticular protein genes in adult Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Insect Mol Biol. 2008, 17: 209-216. 10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2008.00796.x.","journal-title":"Insect Mol Biol"},{"key":"963_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(01)00056-X","volume":"31","author":"JE Rebers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rebers JE, Willis JH: A conserved domain in arthropod cuticular proteins binds chitin. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2001, 31: 1083-1093. 10.1016\/S0965-1748(01)00056-X.","journal-title":"Insect Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"963_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/9780511801822","volume-title":"Animal physiology: adaptation and environment","author":"K Schmidt-Nielsen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schmidt-Nielsen K: Animal physiology: adaptation and environment. 1997, Cambridge [England]; New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 5","edition":"5"},{"key":"963_CR40","volume-title":"Water relations of terrestrial arthropods","author":"NF Hadley","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hadley NF: Water relations of terrestrial arthropods. 1994, San Diego: Academic Press"},{"key":"963_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1086\/518354","volume":"80","author":"MA Archer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Archer MA, Bradley TJ, Mueller LD, Rose MR: Using experimental evolution to study the physiological mechanisms of desiccation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. Physiol Biochem Zool. 2007, 80: 386-398. 10.1086\/518354.","journal-title":"Physiol Biochem Zool"},{"key":"963_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.65.2.30158253","volume":"65","author":"JL Graves","year":"1992","unstructured":"Graves JL, Toolson EC, Jeong LN, Vu LN, Rose MR: Desiccation, flight, glycogen, and postponed senescence in Drosophila melanogaster. Physiol Zool. 1992, 65: 268-286.","journal-title":"Physiol Zool"},{"key":"963_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1086\/515963","volume":"71","author":"M Djawdan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Djawdan M, Chippindale AK, Rose MR, Bradley TJ: Metabolic reserves and evolved stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. Physiol Zool. 1998, 71: 584-594.","journal-title":"Physiol Zool"},{"key":"963_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.2307\/2410848","volume":"50","author":"AK Chippindale","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chippindale AK, Chu TJ, Rose MR: Complex trade-offs and the evolution of starvation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution. 1996, 50: 753-766. 10.2307\/2410848.","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"963_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/29.5.843","volume":"29","author":"MF Bowen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bowen MF: Patterns of sugar feeding in diapausing and nondiapausing Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) females. J Med Entomol. 1992, 29: 843-849.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"963_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/26.4.318","volume":"26","author":"CJ Mitchell","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mitchell CJ, Briegel H: Inability of diapausing Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) to use blood for producing lipid reserves for overwinter survival. J Med Entomol. 1989, 26: 318-326.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"963_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(02)00206-4","volume":"133","author":"KB Storey","year":"2002","unstructured":"Storey KB: Life in the slow lane: molecular mechanisms of estivation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2002, 133: 733-754. 10.1016\/S1095-6433(02)00206-4.","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol"},{"key":"963_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.726","volume":"62","author":"JD Charlwood","year":"2000","unstructured":"Charlwood JD, Vij R, Billingsley PF: Dry season refugia of malaria-transmitting mosquitoes in a dry savannah zone of east Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000, 62: 726-732.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1475-2875-8-215.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T23:46:25Z","timestamp":1630453585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1475-2875-8-215"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,21]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2875-8-215","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 May 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2009","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2009","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"215"}}