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GIMAP1 was the first reported member of this gene family, identified as a gene up-regulated at the RNA level in the spleens of mice infected with the malarial parasite,<jats:italic>Plasmodium chabaudi<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A monoclonal antibody against mouse GIMAP1 was developed and was used to analyse the expression of the endogenous protein in tissues of normal mice and in defined sub-populations of cells prepared from lymphoid tissues using flow cytometry. It was also used to assess the expression of GIMAP1 protein after infection and\/or immunization of mice with<jats:italic>P. chabaudi<\/jats:italic>. Real-time PCR analysis was employed to measure the expression of<jats:italic>GIMAP1<\/jats:italic>for comparison with the protein level analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>GIMAP1 protein expression was detected in all lineages of lymphocytes (T, B, NK), in F4\/80<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>splenic macrophages and in some lymphoid cell lines. Additional evidence is presented suggesting that the strong expression by mature B cells of GIMAP1 and other GIMAP genes and proteins seen in mice may be a species-dependent characteristic. Unexpectedly, no increase was found in the expression of GIMAP1 in<jats:italic>P. chabaudi<\/jats:italic>infected mice at either the mRNA or protein level, and this remained so despite applying a number of variations to the protocol.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The model of up-regulation of GIMAP1 in response to infection\/immunization with<jats:italic>P. chabaudi<\/jats:italic>is not a robustly reproducible experimental system. The GIMAP1 protein is widely expressed in lymphoid cells, with an interesting increase in expression in the later stages of B cell development. Alternative approaches will be required to define the functional role of this GTPase in immune cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-53","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T06:13:37Z","timestamp":1238652817000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Expression of GIMAP1, a GTPase of the immunity-associated protein family, is not up-regulated in malaria"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Amy","family":"Saunders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracey","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Pascall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Hutchings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carine","family":"Dion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Hepburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Langhorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey W","family":"Butcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"802_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.5876","volume":"230","author":"J Kr\u00fccken","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kr\u00fccken J, Schmitt-Wrede HP, Markmann-Mulisch U, Wunderlich F: Novel gene expressed in spleen cells mediating acquired testosterone-resistant immunity to Plasmodium chabaudi malaria. 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