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Previous studies based on the analysis of<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>chromosome banding patterns and inversion frequencies in<jats:italic>An. cruzii<\/jats:italic>populations from these areas have suggested the occurrence of three sibling species. In contrast, two genetically distinct groups among<jats:italic>An. cruzii<\/jats:italic>populations from south\/south-east and north-east Brazil have been revealed by isoenzyme analysis. Therefore,<jats:italic>An. cruzii<\/jats:italic>remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, a partial sequence of the<jats:italic>timeless<\/jats:italic>gene (~400 bp), a locus involved in the control of circadian rhythms, was used as a molecular marker to assess the genetic differentiation between<jats:italic>An. cruzii<\/jats:italic>populations from six geographically distinct areas of Brazil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The<jats:italic>timeless<\/jats:italic>gene revealed that<jats:italic>An. cruzii<\/jats:italic>from Itaparica Island, Bahia State (north-east Brazil), constitutes a highly differentiated group compared with the other five populations from south and south-east Brazil. In addition, significant genetic differences were also observed among some of the latter populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of the genetic differentiation in the<jats:italic>timeless<\/jats:italic>gene among<jats:italic>An. cruzii<\/jats:italic>populations from different areas of Brazil indicated that this malaria vector is a complex of at least two cryptic species. The data also suggest that further work might support the occurrence of other siblings within this complex in Brazil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-60","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,24]],"date-time":"2009-04-24T18:28:52Z","timestamp":1240597732000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Assessing the molecular divergence between Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii populations from Brazil using the timeless gene: further evidence of a species complex"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lu\u00edsa DP","family":"Rona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos J","family":"Carvalho-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edmundo C","family":"Grisard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre A","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"809_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.2307\/2405534","volume":"4","author":"CS Pittendrigh","year":"1949","unstructured":"Pittendrigh CS: The ectopic specialization of Anopheles homunculus, and its relation to competition with An. bellator. 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