{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T21:11:38Z","timestamp":1775164298705,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There is an urgent need to identify new anti-malarial drug targets for both prophylaxis and chemotherapy, due to the increasing problem of drug resistance to malaria parasites. In the present study, the aim was to discover novel, effective plant-based extracts for the activity against malaria.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Ten plants found in Iran were selected by ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants. The crude ethanolic extracts were tested for <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> anti-plasmodial activity against two strains of <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>: K1 (chloroquine-resistant strain) and CY27 (chloroquine-sensitive strain), using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay. The anti-plasmodial activity of the extracts was also assessed in the 4-day suppressive anti-malarial assay in mice inoculated with <jats:italic>Plasmodium berghei<\/jats:italic> (ANKA strain). Crude ethanolic extracts showed good anti-plasmodial activity were further fractionated by partitioning in water and dichloromethane.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of 10 plant species assayed, three species: <jats:italic>Boerhavia elegans<\/jats:italic> (Choisy), <jats:italic>Solanum surattense<\/jats:italic> (Burm.f.) and <jats:italic>Prosopis juliflora<\/jats:italic> (Sw.) showed promising anti-plasmodial activity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> \u2264 50 \u03bcg\/ml) and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> with no toxicity. The dichloromethane fraction of three extracts revealed stronger anti-plasmodial activity than the total extracts.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Anti-plasmodial activities of extracts of <jats:italic>B. elegans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. surattense<\/jats:italic> are reported for the first time.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,12]],"date-time":"2010-05-12T18:15:22Z","timestamp":1273688122000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["In vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity of Boerhavia elegans and Solanum surattense"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Ramazani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sedigheh","family":"Zakeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soroush","family":"Sardari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nastaran","family":"Khodakarim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Navid Dinparas","family":"Djadidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1205_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66420-3","volume":"365","author":"BM Greenwood","year":"2005","unstructured":"Greenwood BM, Bojang K, Whitty CJ, Targett GA: Malaria. Lancet. 2005, 365: 1487-1498. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66420-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1205_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/415686a","volume":"415","author":"RG Ridley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ridley RG: Medical need, scientific opportunity and the drive for antimalarial drugs. Nature. 2002, 415: 686-693. 10.1038\/415686a.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1205_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.01.004","volume":"98","author":"GN Zirihi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zirihi GN, Mambu L, Gu\u00e9d\u00e9-Guina F, Bodo B, Grellier P: In vitro antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of 33 West African plants used for treatment of malaria. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005, 98: 281-285. 10.1016\/j.jep.2005.01.004.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"1205_CR4","unstructured":"WHO: The use of antimalarial drugs, part II: Artemisinin and its derivatives. [http:\/\/www.rbm.who.int]"},{"key":"1205_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.06.009","volume":"95","author":"TK Mutabingwa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mutabingwa TK: Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs): best hope for malaria treatment but inaccessible to the needy!. Acta Trop. 2005, 95: 305-315. 10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.06.009.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"1205_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(03)00045-X","volume":"86","author":"QL Tran","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tran QL, Tezuka Y, Ueda JY, Nguyen NT, Maruyama Y, Begum K, Kim HS, Wataya Y, Tran QK, Kadota S: In vitro antiplasmodial activity of antimalarial medicinal plants used in Vietnamese traditional medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003, 86: 249-252. 10.1016\/S0378-8741(03)00045-X.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"1205_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2003.09.047","volume":"90","author":"GN Wanyoike","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wanyoike GN, Chhabra SC, Lang'at-Thoruwa CC, Omar SA: Brine shrimp toxicity and antiplasmodial activity of five Kenyan medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004, 90: 129-133. 10.1016\/j.jep.2003.09.047.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"1205_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(03)00141-7","volume":"87","author":"VF Andrade-Neto","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andrade-Neto VF, Brand\u00e3o MG, Stehmann JR, Oliveira LA, Krettli AU: Antimalarial activity of Cinchona-like plants used to treat fever and malaria in Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003, 87: 253-256. 10.1016\/S0378-8741(03)00141-7.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"1205_CR9","first-page":"1314","volume":"85","author":"NP Sudhanshu Saxena","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sudhanshu Saxena NP, Jain DC, Bhakuni RS: Antimalarial agents from plant sources. Current Science. 2003, 85: 1314-1329.","journal-title":"Current Science"},{"key":"1205_CR10","first-page":"217","volume":"79","author":"GH Edrissian","year":"1986","unstructured":"Edrissian GH, Shahabi S, Pishva E, Hajseyed-Javadi J, Khaleghian B, Ghorbani M, Emadi AM, Afshar A, Saghari H: Imported cases of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in Iran. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1986, 79: 217-221.","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"1205_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.633","volume":"78","author":"S Zakeri","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zakeri S, Afsharpad M, Kazemzadeh T, Mehdizadeh K, Shabani A, Djadid ND: Association of pfcrt but not pfmdr1 alleles with chloroquine resistance in Iranian isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008, 78: 633-640.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1205_CR12","volume-title":"Zakhireh Kharazmshahi","author":"L Jorjani","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jorjani L:Zakhireh Kharazmshahi. 1992, Tehran: Bonyade Farhang Iran,"},{"key":"1205_CR13","volume-title":"Makhzan ol-Advieh","author":"A Khorasani","year":"1992","unstructured":"Khorasani A:Makhzan ol-Advieh. 1992, Tehran: Enghelabe e Eslami Publishing and Educational Organization,"},{"key":"1205_CR14","volume-title":"Lithography","author":"H Avicenna","year":"2004","unstructured":"Avicenna H: Qanoon. Lithography. 2004, Tehran: Reprinted by Institute of Medical History Study, Islamic and Complementary Medicine"},{"key":"1205_CR15","volume-title":"Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center (TMRC)","author":"SA Emami","year":"2004","unstructured":"Emami SA, Ardakani Shams MR, Mehregan I: Atlas of Medicinal Plants. Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center (TMRC). 2004, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"key":"1205_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1177\/009286159803200223","volume":"32","author":"JLR Mclaughlin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mclaughlin JLR, Rogers LL: The use of biological assays to evaluate botanicals. Drug Inf J. 1998, 32: 513-524.","journal-title":"Drug Inf J"},{"key":"1205_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1126\/science.781840","volume":"193","author":"W Trager","year":"1976","unstructured":"Trager W, Jensen JB: Human malaria parasites in continuous culture. Science. 1976, 193: 673-675. 10.1126\/science.781840.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1205_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.2307\/3280287","volume":"65","author":"C Lambros","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lambros C, Vanderberg JP: Synchronization of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic stages in culture. J Parasitol. 1979, 65: 418-420. 10.2307\/3280287.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"1205_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.205","volume":"48","author":"MT Makler","year":"1993","unstructured":"Makler MT, Hinrichs DJ: Measurement of the lactate dehydrogenase activity of Plasmodium falciparum as an assessment of parasitemia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1993, 48: 205-210.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1205_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.739","volume":"48","author":"MT Makler","year":"1993","unstructured":"Makler MT, Ries JM, Williams JA, Bancroft JE, Piper RC, Gibbins BL, Hinrichs DJ: Parasite Lactate Dehydrogenase as an Assay for Plasmodium falciparum Drug Sensitivity. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1993, 48: 739-741.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1205_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971236","volume":"45","author":"BN Meyer","year":"1982","unstructured":"Meyer BN, Ferrigni NR, Putnam JE, Jacobsen LB, Nichols DE, Mclaughlin JL: Brine shrimp: A convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents. Planta Med. 1982, 45: 31-34. 10.1055\/s-2007-971236.","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"key":"1205_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7348.1949.tb06408.x","volume":"36","author":"DJ Finney","year":"1949","unstructured":"Finney DJ: The adjustment for a natural response rate in probit analysis. Ann Appl Biol. 1949, 36: 187-195. 10.1111\/j.1744-7348.1949.tb06408.x.","journal-title":"Ann Appl Biol"},{"key":"1205_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-326X(02)00182-X","volume":"73","author":"R Padmaja","year":"2002","unstructured":"Padmaja R, Arun PC, Prashanth D, Deepak M, Amit A, Anjana M: Brine shrimp lethality bioassay of selected Indian medicinal plants. Fitoterapia. 2002, 73: 508-510. 10.1016\/S0367-326X(02)00182-X.","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"1205_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1975.11686997","volume":"69","author":"W Peters","year":"1975","unstructured":"Peters W: The chemotherapy of rodent malaria, XXII. The value of drug-resistant strains of P. berghei in screening for blood schizontocidal activity. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1975, 69: 155-171.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"1205_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1992.11812694","volume":"86","author":"W Peters","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peters W, Robinson BL: The chemotherapy of rodent malaria. XLVII. Studies on pyronaridine and other Mannich base antimalarials. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1992, 86: 455-465.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"1205_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.08.017","volume":"114","author":"UP de Albuquerque","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Albuquerque UP, Muniz de Medeiros P, de Almeida AL, Monteiro JM, Machado de Freitas Lins Neto E, Gomes de Melo J, dos Santos JP: Medicinal plants of the caatinga (semi-arid) vegetation of NE Brazil: a quantitative approach. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007, 114: 325-354. 10.1016\/j.jep.2007.08.017.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"1205_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00369-X","volume":"74","author":"HT Simonsen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Simonsen HT, Nordskjold JB, Smitt UW, Nyman U, Palpu P, Joshi P, Varughese G: In vitro screening of Indian medicinal plants for antiplasmodial activity. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001, 74: 195-204. 10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00369-X.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"1205_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2650090708","volume":"9","author":"MC Gessler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gessler MC, Tanner M, Chollet J, Nkunya MHH, Heinrich M: Tanzanian medicinal plants used traditionally for the treatment of Malaria: in vivo antimalarial and in vitro cytotoxic activities. Phytother Res. 1995, 9: 504-508. 10.1002\/ptr.2650090708.","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"1205_CR29","volume-title":"Iranian medicinal plants","author":"A Zargari","year":"1987","unstructured":"Zargari A: Iranian medicinal plants. 1987, Tehran University Publications"},{"key":"1205_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.03.033","volume":"107","author":"G Garavito","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garavito G, Rincon J, Arteaga L, Hata Y, Bourdy G, Gimenez A, Pinzon R, Deharo E: Antimalarial activity of some Colombian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006, 107: 460-462. 10.1016\/j.jep.2006.03.033.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1475-2875-9-124.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T05:57:14Z","timestamp":1630475834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1475-2875-9-124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2875-9-124","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2010","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2010","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"124"}}