{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:23:15Z","timestamp":1765758195713},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Filaria J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Papua New Guinea is the only endemic country in the Western Pacific Region that has not yet introduced a countrywide programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. However, on Misima Island in Milne Bay Province, government and private sectors have collaborated to implement a pilot elimination programme. Although interim evaluation indicated that the programme has been parasitologically successful, an appreciation that sustainable health gains depend on understanding and accommodating local beliefs prompted this qualitative study.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>We investigated Misima community members knowledge and attitudes about lymphatic filariasis and the elimination programme. A combination of focus groups and key informant interviews were used to explore participants perceptions of health; knowledge of the aetiology and symptoms of filariasis, elephantiasis and hydrocele; attitudes towards the disease and mass drug distribution; and the social structure and decision-making protocols within the villages.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Focus group discussions proved inferior to key informant interviews for gathering rich data. Study participants did not consider lymphatic filariasis (\"<jats:italic>pom<\/jats:italic>\") a major health problem but were generally positive about mass drug administration campaigns. A variety of conditions were frequently and incorrectly attributed to filariasis. Participants expressed the belief that individuals infected with filariasis always had visible manifestations of disease.<\/jats:p>\n                        <jats:p>A common misconception was that taking drugs during campaigns provided long-term immunity against disease. The role of mosquito vectors in transmission was not generally appreciated and certain clinical presentations, particularly hydrocele, were associated with supernatural forces. Multiple adverse events were associated with mass drug administration campaigns and most study participants mentioned community members who did not participate in campaigns.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Important issues requiring educational intervention and elimination activity modification in the Misima region were identified during this study. Research outcomes should assist Papua New Guinea in developing and implementing a national elimination strategy and inform discussions regarding the appropriateness of current elimination strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2883-6-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]],"date-time":"2007-01-02T07:13:44Z","timestamp":1167722024000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Qualitative analysis of the impact of a lymphatic filariasis elimination programme using mass drug administration on Misima Island, Papua New Guinea"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Shona","family":"Wynd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Carron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Billy","family":"Selve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A","family":"Leggat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Melrose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David N","family":"Durrheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"62_CR1","volume-title":"Building partnerships for lymphatic filariasis \u2013 strategic plan","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1999","unstructured":"World Health Organization: Building partnerships for lymphatic filariasis \u2013 strategic plan. 1999, Geneva: World Health Organization"},{"volume-title":"PacELF Atlas 2002","year":"2000","key":"62_CR2","unstructured":"Ichimori K, (Ed): PacELF Atlas 2002. 2000, Suva: PacELF"},{"key":"62_CR3","volume-title":"Health Vision 2010 \u2013 National Health Plan 2001\u20132005 for Papua New Guinea","author":"Department of Health","year":"2001","unstructured":"Department of Health: Health Vision 2010 \u2013 National Health Plan 2001\u20132005 for Papua New Guinea. 2001, Port Morseby: Government Printers"},{"key":"62_CR4","first-page":"183","volume":"43","author":"BP Selve","year":"2000","unstructured":"Selve BP, Bwadua S, Misa M, James K, Usurup JP, Turner P, Melrose W, Yad W, Samuel R, Eddie C: Community empowerment in the control of lymphatic filariasis in Misima, Milne Bay Province using diethylcarbamazine in combination with albendazole. PNG Med J. 2000, 43: 183-187.","journal-title":"PNG Med J"},{"key":"62_CR5","first-page":"161","volume":"43","author":"W Melrose","year":"2000","unstructured":"Melrose W, Pisters P, Turner P, Kombati Z, Selve BP, Hii J, Speare R: Prevalence of filarial antigenaemia in Papua New Guinea: results of surveys by the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia. PNG Med J. 2000, 43: 161-165.","journal-title":"PNG Med J"},{"key":"62_CR6","volume-title":"District health department reports: Bwagaoia, Misima Island","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ministry of Health: District health department reports: Bwagaoia, Misima Island. 2002, Port Moresby: Ministry of Health"},{"key":"62_CR7","volume-title":"Social evaluation study for the Milne Bay community-based coastal and marine conservation program, PNG","author":"J Kinch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kinch J: Social evaluation study for the Milne Bay community-based coastal and marine conservation program, PNG. 2002, Brisbane: UNOPS"},{"key":"62_CR8","volume-title":"National Health Plan 2001 \u2013 2010","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ministry of Health: National Health Plan 2001 \u2013 2010. 2001, Port Moresby: Ministry of Health"},{"key":"62_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00365-7","volume":"43","author":"M Gyapong","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gyapong M, Gyapong JO, Adjei S, Vlassoff C, Weiss M: Filariasis in Northern Ghana: Some cultural beliefs and practices and their implications for disease control. Soc Sci Med. 1996, 43: 235-242. 10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00365-7.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"62_CR10","unstructured":"UNDP\/World Bank\/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. Standardised study protocol \u2013 Advocacy in the control of lymphatic filariasis in Papua New Guinea. Workshop on Research on Advocacy for Sustained Treatment Compliance in Lymphatic Filariasis Control. Pune, India, 7\u201312. 1999, June"},{"key":"62_CR11","volume-title":"QSR Nud*ist (N5) Melbourne: Australia","author":"Qualitative Solutions and Research Pty","year":"1999","unstructured":"Qualitative Solutions and Research Pty: QSR Nud*ist (N5) Melbourne: Australia. 1999"},{"key":"62_CR12","first-page":"S82","volume":"24","author":"O Rauyajin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rauyajin O, Kamthornwachara B, Yablo P: Recent advances in the social and behavioral aspects of filariasis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1993, 24: S82-S90.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"62_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00813.x","volume":"6","author":"KD Ramaiah","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ramaiah KD, Vijay Kumar KN, Chandrakala AV, Augustin DJ, Appavoo NC, Das PK: Effectiveness of community health services \u2013 organized drug delivery strategies for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in rural areas of Tamil Nadu, India. Trop Med Int Health. 2001, 6: 1062-1069. 10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00813.x.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"62_CR14","first-page":"147","volume":"31","author":"A Kumar","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kumar A: Household characteristics and peoples' perception about filariasis in Khurda District Orissa. J Commun Dis. 1998, 31: 147-150.","journal-title":"J Commun Dis"},{"key":"62_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00132-Q","volume":"41","author":"O Rauyajin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rauyajin O, Kamthornwachara B, Yablo P: Socio-cultural and behavioral aspects of mosquito-borne lymphatic filariasis in Thailand: a qualitative analysis. Soc Sci Med. 1995, 41: 1705-1713. 10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00132-Q.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"62_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/00034980020035942","volume":"95","author":"M Gyapong","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gyapong M, Gyapong JO, Owusu-Banahene G: Community-directed treatment: the foreword to eliminating lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Ghana. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2000, 95: 77-86. 10.1080\/00034980020035942.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"62_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1996.d01-84.x","volume":"1","author":"KD Ramaiah","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ramaiah KD, Vijay Kumar KN, Ramu K: Knowledge and beliefs about transmission, prevention and control of lymphatic filariasis in rural areas of South India. Trop Med Int Health. 1996, 1: 433-438. 10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1996.d01-84.x.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"62_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00288-X","volume":"42","author":"L Bandyopadhyay","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay L: Lymphatic filariasis and the women of India. Soc Sci Med. 1996, 42: 1401-1410. 10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00288-X.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"62_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.54.299","volume":"54","author":"ML Eberhard","year":"1996","unstructured":"Eberhard ML, Walker EM, Addiss DG, Lammie PJ: A survey of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAPs) of lymphatic filariasis, elephantiasis, and hydrocele among residents in an endemic area in Haiti. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996, 54: 299-303.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"62_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1998.00238.x","volume":"3","author":"J Coreil","year":"1998","unstructured":"Coreil J, Mayard G, Charles JL, Addiss DG: Filarial elephantiasis among Haitian women: social context and behavioural factors in treatment. Trop Med Int Health. 1998, 3: 467-473. 10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1998.00238.x.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"62_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90202-5","volume":"94","author":"JO Gyapong","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gyapong JO: Elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2000, 94: 599-601. 10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90202-5.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["Filaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1475-2883-6-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1475-2883-6-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1475-2883-6-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T10:24:08Z","timestamp":1728383048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/filariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1475-2883-6-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["62"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2883-6-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2883"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1475-2883"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 November 2003","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 January 2007","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 January 2007","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"1"}}