{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T10:23:36Z","timestamp":1792923816614,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,17]],"date-time":"2011-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1302998400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutr J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of the current study was to measure dietary diversity in South Africans aged 16 years and older from all population groups as a proxy of food security.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study representative of adults from all specified ages, provinces, geographic localities, and socio-economic strata in South Africa was used (n = 3287). Trained interviewers visited participants at their homes during the survey. Dietary data was collected by means of a face validated 24 hour recall which was not quantified. A dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated by counting each of 9 food groups. A DDS &lt;4 was regarded as reflecting poor dietary diversity and poor food security.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The provinces with the highest prevalence of poor dietary diversity (DDS &lt;4) were Limpopo (61.8%) and the Eastern Cape (59.6%). By contrast, only 15.7% of participants in Western Cape had a low score. Participants in tribal areas (63.9%) and informal urban areas (55.7%) were by far the worst affected. There were significant differences in DDS by Living Standards Mean (LSM) analysis (p &lt; 0.05) with the lowest LSM group having the lowest mean DDS (2.93).The most commonly consumed food groups were cereals\/roots; meat\/fish; dairy and vegetables other than vitamin A rich. Eggs, legumes, and vitamin A rich fruit and vegetables were the least consumed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall the majority of South Africans consumed a diet low in dietary variety. The tribal areas and informal urban areas were worst affected and eggs, legumes and vitamin A rich fruit and vegetables, were the least consumed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-10-33","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,12]],"date-time":"2011-05-12T15:13:43Z","timestamp":1305213223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["How diverse is the diet of adult South Africans?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Demetre","family":"Labadarios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelia Patricia","family":"Steyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Nel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"357_CR1","volume-title":"Evaluation of dietary diversity scores for assessment of micronutrient intake and food security in developing countries, PhD thesis","author":"GL Kennedy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kennedy GL: Evaluation of dietary diversity scores for assessment of micronutrient intake and food security in developing countries, PhD thesis. 2009, Wageningen, University of Wagenningen"},{"key":"357_CR2","unstructured":"Hoddinott J: Choosing outcome indicators of household food security. 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