{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:23:15Z","timestamp":1787019795374,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,26]],"date-time":"2005-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1106697600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,26]],"date-time":"2005-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1106697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutr J"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine and tension-type headaches impose a tremendous economic drain upon the healthcare system. Intravenous and oral niacin has been employed in the treatment of acute and chronic migraine and tension-type headaches, but its use has not become part of contemporary medicine, nor have there been randomized controlled trials further assessing this novel treatment. We aimed to systematically review the evidence of using intravenous and\/or oral niacin as a treatment for migraine headaches, tension-type headaches, and for headaches of other etiologic types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched English and non-English language articles in the following databases: MEDLINE (1966\u2013February 2004), AMED (1995\u2013February 2004) and Alt HealthWatch (1990\u2013February 2004).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine articles were found to meet the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Hypothetical reasons for niacin's effectiveness include its vasodilatory properties, and its ability to improve mitochondrial energy metabolism. Important side effects of niacin include flushing, nausea and fainting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although niacin's mechanisms of action have not been substantiated from controlled clinical trials, this agent may have beneficial effects upon migraine and tension-type headaches. Adequately designed randomized trials are required to determine its clinical implications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-4-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,26]],"date-time":"2005-01-26T11:24:59Z","timestamp":1106738699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The treatment of migraines and tension-type headaches with intravenous and oral niacin (nicotinic acid): systematic review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Prousky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dugald","family":"Seely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"50_CR1","unstructured":"National Headache Foundation. [http:\/\/www.headaches.org\/consumer\/generalinfo\/factsheet.html]"},{"issue":"Suppl D","key":"50_CR2","first-page":"3","volume":"39","author":"DW Dodick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dodick DW: Patient-focused migraine management: establishing needs. Drugs Today (Barc). 2003, 39 (Suppl D): 3-9.","journal-title":"Drugs Today (Barc)"},{"key":"50_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2000.00001.x","volume":"40","author":"K Holroyd","year":"2000","unstructured":"Holroyd K, Stensland M, Lipchik G, Hill K, O'Donnell F, Cordingly G: Psychosocial correlates and impact of chronic tension-type headaches. Headache. 2000, 40: 3-16. 10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2000.00001.x.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"50_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1987.0701015.x","volume":"7","author":"F Granella","year":"1987","unstructured":"Granella F, Farina S, Malferrari G, Manzoni GC: Drug abuse in chronic headache: a clinico-epidemiologic study. Cephalalgia. 1987, 7: 15-19. 10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1987.0701015.x.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"50_CR5","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Headache","author":"J Schoenan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schoenan J, Wang W: Tension-type headache. Headache. Edited by: Goadsby PJ, Silberstein SD. 1997, Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 177-200."},{"key":"50_CR6","first-page":"108","volume":"18","author":"J Prousky","year":"2003","unstructured":"Prousky J, Sykes E: Two case reports on the treatment of acute migraine with niacin. Its hypothetical mechanism of action upon calcitonin-gene related peptide and platelets. J Orthomol Med. 2003, 18: 108-10.","journal-title":"J Orthomol Med"},{"key":"50_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.4065\/78.6.770","volume":"78","author":"DA Velling","year":"2003","unstructured":"Velling DA, Dodick DW, Muir JJ: Sustained-release niacin for prevention of migraine headache. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003, 78: 770-1.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"50_CR8","unstructured":"Centre for Evidenced-Based Medicine. [http:\/\/www.cebm.net\/levels_of_evidence.asp#levels]"},{"key":"50_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-21-6-990","volume":"21","author":"M Atkinson","year":"1944","unstructured":"Atkinson M: Migraine headache: some clinical observations on the vascular mechanism and its control. Ann Intern Med. 1944, 21: 990-7.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"50_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1946.02870190027007","volume":"131","author":"JW Goldzieher","year":"1946","unstructured":"Goldzieher JW, Popkin GL: Treatment of headaches with intravenous sodium nicotinate. JAMA. 1946, 131: 103-5.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"50_CR11","first-page":"542","volume":"3","author":"RF Grenfell","year":"1949","unstructured":"Grenfell RF: Treatment of migraine with nicotinic acid. Am Pract. 1949, 3: 542-4.","journal-title":"Am Pract"},{"key":"50_CR12","first-page":"933","volume":"2","author":"RF Grenfell","year":"1951","unstructured":"Grenfell RF: Treatment of tension headache. Am Pract Dig Treat. 1951, 2: 933-6.","journal-title":"Am Pract Dig Treat"},{"key":"50_CR13","first-page":"202","volume":"46","author":"EP Cutter","year":"1953","unstructured":"Cutter EP: The management of headache. J Tn State Med Assoc. 1953, 46: 202-4.","journal-title":"J Tn State Med Assoc"},{"key":"50_CR14","first-page":"377","volume":"2","author":"ZR Morgan","year":"1953","unstructured":"Morgan ZR: Nicotinic acid therapy in vasoconstriction type of headache. Md State Med J. 1953, 2: 377-82.","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"key":"50_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1955.tb00863.x","volume":"3","author":"ZR Morgan","year":"1955","unstructured":"Morgan ZR: A newer method of nicotinic acid therapy in headache of the vasoconstrictive type. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1955, 3: 545-51.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"50_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1962.hed0104021.x","volume":"1","author":"HD Ogden","year":"1962","unstructured":"Ogden HD, Ching CL: Clinical study of headache relief with a niacin-containing compound. Headache. 1962, 1: 21-9.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"50_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-196312000-00010","volume":"56","author":"RE Ryan","year":"1963","unstructured":"Ryan RE: Modern concepts of the management of histaminic cephalgia. South Med J. 1963, 56: 1384-7.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"50_CR18","unstructured":"Hall JA: Enhancing niacin's effect for migraine. Cortlandt Forum. 1991, 46-July"},{"key":"50_CR19","first-page":"60","volume-title":"The Doctor's Vitamin and Mineral Encyclopedia","author":"SS Hendler","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hendler SS: The Doctor's Vitamin and Mineral Encyclopedia. 1991, New York: Simon & Schuster, 60-1."},{"key":"50_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.2000.1117","volume":"56","author":"A Gedye","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gedye A: Hypothesized treatment for migraine using low doses of tryptophan, niacin, calcium, caffeine, and acetylsalicylic acid. Med Hypotheses. 2001, 56: 91-4. 10.1054\/mehy.2000.1117.","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"50_CR21","unstructured":"eMedicine. [http:\/\/www.emedicine.com\/neuro\/topic517.htm]"},{"key":"50_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(89)90088-9","volume":"38","author":"JD Morrow","year":"1989","unstructured":"Morrow JD, Parsons WG, Roberts LJ: Release of markedly increased quantities of prostaglandin D2 in vivo in humans following the administration of nicotinic acid. Prostaglandins. 1989, 38: 263-74. 10.1016\/0090-6980(89)90088-9.","journal-title":"Prostaglandins"},{"key":"50_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12499963","volume":"98","author":"JD Morrow","year":"1992","unstructured":"Morrow JD, Awad JA, Oates JA, Roberts LJ: Identification of skin as a major site of prostaglandin D2 release following oral administration of niacin in humans. J Invest Dermatol. 1992, 98: 812-15. 10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12499963.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"50_CR24","first-page":"346","volume-title":"The Vitamins In Medicine","author":"F Bicknell","year":"1953","unstructured":"Bicknell F, Prescott F: The Vitamins In Medicine. 1953, Milwaukee: Life Foundation For Nutritional Research, 346-3","edition":"3"},{"key":"50_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2003.00531.x","volume":"10","author":"R Nardone","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nardone R, Tezzon F: The tirgemino-cervical reflex in tension-type headache. Eur J Neurol. 2003, 10: 307-12. 10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2003.00531.x.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"50_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2004.04032.x","volume":"44","author":"J Hannerz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hannerz J, Jogestrand T: Relationship between chronic tension-type headache, cranial hemodynamics, and cerebrospinal pressure: study involving provocation with sumatriptan. Headache. 2004, 44: 154-9. 10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2004.04032.x.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"50_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2002.02053.x","volume":"42","author":"R Cady","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cady R, Schreiber C, Farmer K, Sheftell F: Primary headaches: a convergence hypothesis. Headache. 2002, 42: 204-16. 10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2002.02053.x.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"50_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/00127893-200109000-00002","volume":"7","author":"SJ Tepper","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tepper SJ, Rapoport A, Sheftell F: The pathophysiology of migraine. Neurologist. 2001, 7: 279-86. 10.1097\/00127893-200109000-00002.","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"50_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(03)00476-0","volume":"103","author":"B Marriage","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marriage B, Clandinin MT, Glerum DM: Nutritional cofactor treatment in mitochondrial disorders. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003, 103: 1029-38.","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"50_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1994.1405328.x","volume":"14","author":"J Schoenen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schoenen J, Lenaerts M, Bastings E: High-dose riboflavin as a prophylactic treatment of migraine: results of an open pilot study. Cephalalgia. 1994, 14: 328-9. 10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1994.1405328.x.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"50_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.2.466","volume":"50","author":"J Schoenen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schoenen J, Jacquy J, Lenaerts M: Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis. A randomized controlled trial. Neurology. 1998, 50: 466-70.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"50_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2002.00335.x","volume":"22","author":"TD Rozen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rozen TD, Oshinsky ML, Gebeline CA, Bradley KC, Young WB, Shechter AL, Silberstein SD: Open label trial of coenzyme Q10 as a migraine preventive. Cephalalgia. 2002, 22: 137-41. 10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2002.00335.x.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"50_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(96)80008-7","volume":"58","author":"K Majamaa","year":"1996","unstructured":"Majamaa K, Rusanen H, Remes AM, Pyhtinen J, Hassinen IE: Increase of blood NAD+ and attenuation of lactacidemia during nicotinamide treatment of a patient with MELAS syndrome. Life Sci. 1996, 58: 691-9. 10.1016\/S0024-3205(96)80008-7.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"50_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.1998.3801039.x","volume":"38","author":"H Okada","year":"1998","unstructured":"Okada H, Araga S, Takeshima T, Nakashima K: Plasma lactic acid and pyruvic acid levels in migraine and tension-type headache. Headache. 1998, 38: 39-42. 10.1046\/j.1526-4610.1998.3801039.x.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"50_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(02)03196-5","volume":"16","author":"CA Gedegbeku","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gedegbeku CA, Dhandayuthapani A, Shrayyef MZ, Egan BM: Hemodynamic effects of nicotinic acid infusion in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Am J Hypertens. 2003, 16: 67-71. 10.1016\/S0895-7061(02)03196-5.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"50_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6904-3-4","volume":"3","author":"E Mills","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mills E, Prousky J, Raskin G, Gagnier J, Rachlis B, Montori VM, Juurlink D: The safety of over-the-counter niacin. A randomized placebo-controlled trial. BMC Clin Pharmac. 2003, 3: 4-10.1186\/1472-6904-3-4.","journal-title":"BMC Clin Pharmac"},{"key":"50_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61171-9","volume":"66","author":"J Etchason","year":"1991","unstructured":"Etchason J, Miller TD, Squires RW, Allison TG, Gau GT, Marttila JK, Kottke BA: Niacin-induced hepatitis: a potential side effect with low-dose time-release niacin. Mayo Clin Proc. 1991, 66: 23-8.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"50_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1959.63010170008010c","volume":"170","author":"AU Rivin","year":"1959","unstructured":"Rivin AU: Jaundice occurring during nicotinic acid therapy for hypercholesterolemia. JAMA. 1959, 170: 2088-9.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"50_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1961.63040020032017a","volume":"175","author":"WO Pardue","year":"1961","unstructured":"Pardue WO: Severe liver dysfunction during nicotinic acid therapy. JAMA. 1961, 175: 137-8.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"50_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01070732","volume":"20","author":"N Einstein","year":"1975","unstructured":"Einstein N, Baker A, Galper J, Wolfe H: Jaundice due to nicotinic acid therapy. Am J Dig Dis. 1975, 20: 282-6. 10.1007\/BF01070732.","journal-title":"Am J Dig Dis"},{"key":"50_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198302000-00023","volume":"76","author":"DJ Patterson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Patterson DJ, Dew EW, Gyorkey F, Graham DY: Niacin hepatitis. South Med J. 1988, 76: 239-41.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"50_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198710000-00022","volume":"9","author":"GL Clementz","year":"1987","unstructured":"Clementz GL, Holmes AW: Nicotinic acid-induced fulminant hepatic failure. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1987, 9: 582-4.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"50_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1961.03040340010003","volume":"177","author":"NA Christensen","year":"1961","unstructured":"Christensen NA, Achor RWP, Berge KG, Mason HL: Nicotinic acid treatment of hypercholesterolemia: comparison of plain and sustained-action preparations and report of two cases of jaundice. JAMA. 1961, 177: 546-50.","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Nutrition Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1475-2891-4-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1475-2891-4-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1475-2891-4-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1475-2891-4-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T09:04:02Z","timestamp":1728291842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nutritionj.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1475-2891-4-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,26]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["50"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2891-4-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 October 2004","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 January 2005","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 January 2005","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"3"}}