{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T12:38:11Z","timestamp":1769171891806,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,31]],"date-time":"2008-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201737600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,31]],"date-time":"2008-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutr J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tolerance to enteral nutrition in the critically ill child with shock has not been studied. The purpose of the study was to analyze the characteristics of enteral nutrition and its tolerance in the critically ill child with shock and to compare this with non-shocked patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective, observational study was performed including critically ill children with shock who received postpyloric enteral nutrition (PEN). The type of nutrition used, its duration, tolerance, and gastrointestinal complications were assessed. The 65 children with shock who received PEN were compared with 461 non-shocked critically ill children who received PEN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty-five critically ill children with shock, aged between 21 days and 22 years, received PEN. 75.4% of patients with shock received PEN exclusively. The mean duration of the PEN was 25.2 days and the maximum calorie intake was 79.4 kcal\/kg\/day. Twenty patients with shock (30.7%) presented gastrointestinal complications, 10 (15.4%) abdominal distension and\/or excessive gastric residue, 13 (20%) diarrhoea, 1 necrotising enterocolitis, and 1 duodenal perforation due to the postpyloric tube. The frequency of gastrointestinal complications was significantly higher than in the other 461 critically ill children (9.1%). PEN was suspended due to gastrointestinal complications in 6 patients with shock (9.2%). There were 18 deaths among the patients with shock and PEN (27.7%). In only one patient was the death related to complications of the nutrition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although most critically ill children with shock can tolerate postpyloric enteral nutrition, the incidence of gastrointestinal complications is higher in this group of patients than in other critically ill children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-7-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,31]],"date-time":"2008-01-31T19:14:01Z","timestamp":1201806841000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Postpyloric enteral nutrition in the critically ill child with shock: a prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"L\u00f3pez-Herce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Menc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00edsar","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria J","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amaya","family":"Bustinza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dolores","family":"Vigil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"169_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00130478-200104000-00004","volume":"2","author":"GC Briassoulis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Briassoulis GC, Zavras NJ, Hatzis TD: Effectiveness and safety of a protocol for promotion of early intragastric feeding in critically ill children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2001, 2: 113-121. 10.1097\/00130478-200104000-00004.","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"169_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/088506660001500503","volume":"15","author":"C S\u00e1nchez","year":"2000","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez C, L\u00f3pez-Herce J, Moreno de Guerra M, Carrillo A, Moral R, Sancho L: The use of transpyloric enteral nutrition in the critically ill child. J Intensive Care Med. 2000, 15: 247-54. 10.1046\/j.1525-1489.2000.00247.x.","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"169_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.5.7582291","volume":"152","author":"RJ Hadfield","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hadfield RJ, Sinclair DG, Houldsworth PE, Evans TW: Effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition on gut mucosal permeability in the critically ill. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995, 152: 1545-8.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"169_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200110000-00018","volume":"29","author":"H Mentec","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mentec H, Dupont H, Bocchetti M, Cani P, Ponche F, Bleichner G: Upper digestive intolerance during enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: frequency, risk factors and complications. Crit Care Med. 2001, 29: 1955-61. 10.1097\/00003246-200110000-00018.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"169_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199908000-00006","volume":"27","author":"JC Montejo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Montejo JC: Enteral nutrition-related gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients: a multicenter study. The nutritional and metabolic Working Group of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units. Crit Care Med. 1999, 27: 1652-3. 10.1097\/00003246-199908000-00006.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"169_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200203000-00016","volume":"30","author":"AR Davies","year":"2002","unstructured":"Davies AR, Froomes PR, French CJ, Bellomo R, Gutteridge GA, Nyulasi I, Walker R, Sewell RB: Randomized comparison of nasojejunal and nasogastric feeding in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2002, 30: 586-90. 10.1097\/00003246-200203000-00016.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"169_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200204000-00013","volume":"30","author":"JC Montejo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Montejo JC, Grau T, Acosta J, Ruiz-Santana S, Planas M, Garc\u00eda-De-Lorenzo A, Mesejo A, Cervera M, S\u00e1nchez-Alvarez C, N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Ruiz R, L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez J: Nutritional and Metabolic Working Group of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units. Multicenter, prospective, randomized, single-blind study comparing the efficacy and gastrointestinal complications of early jejunal feeding with early gastric feeding in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2002, 30: 796-800. 10.1097\/00003246-200204000-00013.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"169_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/014860719602000171","volume":"20","author":"MJ Chellis","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chellis MJ, Sanders SV, Webster H, Dean JM, Jackson D: Early enteral feeding in the pediatric intensive care unit. JPEN. 1996, 20: 71-3.","journal-title":"JPEN"},{"key":"169_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199801000-00008","volume":"26","author":"E Panadero","year":"1998","unstructured":"Panadero E, L\u00f3pez-Herce J, Caro L, S\u00e1nchez A, Cueto E, Bustinza A, Moral R, Carrillo A, Sancho L: Transpyloric enteral feeding in critically ill children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1998, 26: 43-8. 10.1097\/00005176-199801000-00008.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"169_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.3.872","volume":"126","author":"KL Meert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Meert KL, Daphtary ML, Methery NA: Gastric versus small-bowel feeding in critically ill children receiving mechanical ventilation. Chest. 2004, 126: 872-8. 10.1378\/chest.126.3.872.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"169_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607101025005246","volume":"25","author":"KA Kles","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kles KA, Wallig MA, Tappenden KA: Luminal nutrients exacerbate intestinal hypoxia in the hypoperfused jejunum. JPEN. 2001, 25: 246-53.","journal-title":"JPEN"},{"key":"169_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930287","volume":"52","author":"R Rokyta Jr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rokyta R, Matejovic M, Krouzecky A, Novak I: Enteral nutrition and hepatosplanchnic region in critically ill patients-friends or foes?. Physiol Res. 2003, 52: 31-7.","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"169_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340100855","volume":"27","author":"JP Revelly","year":"2001","unstructured":"Revelly JP, Tappy L, Berger MM, Gersbach P, Cayeux CH, Chiolero R: Early metabolic and splanchnic responses to enteral nutrition in postoperative cardiac surgery patients with circulatory compromise. Intensive Care Med. 2001, 27: 540-547. 10.1007\/s001340100855.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"169_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.08.005","volume":"24","author":"MM Berger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Berger MM, Revelly JP, Cayeux MC, Chiolero RL: Enteral nutrition in critically ill patients with severe hemodynamic failure after cardiopulmonary bypass. Clin Nutr. 2005, 24: 124-32. 10.1016\/j.clnu.2004.08.005.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"169_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200006000-00060","volume":"28","author":"HK Spalding","year":"2000","unstructured":"Spalding HK, Sullivan KJ, Soremi O, Gonzalez F, Goodwin SR: Bedside placement of transpyloric feeding tubes in the pediatric intensive care unit using gastric insufflation. Crit Care Med. 2000, 28: 2041-6. 10.1097\/00003246-200006000-00060.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"169_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-005-2631-3","volume":"31","author":"G Briassoulis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Briassoulis G, Filippou O, Kanariou M, Hatzis T: Comparative effects of early randomized immune or non-immune-enhancing enteral nutrition on cytokine production in children with septic shock. Intensive Care Med. 2005, 31: 851-8. 10.1007\/s00134-005-2631-3.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"169_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1177\/0115426503018004279","volume":"18","author":"SA McClave","year":"2003","unstructured":"McClave SA, Chang WK: Feeding the hypotensive patient: does enteral feeding precipitate or protect against ischemic bowel?. Nutr Clin Pract. 2003, 18: 279-84.","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"169_CR18","first-page":"410","volume":"180","author":"CD Schunn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schunn CD, Daly JM: Small bowel necrosis associated with postoperative jejunal tube feeding. J Am Coll Surg. 1995, 180: 410-6.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"169_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340101013","volume":"27","author":"C Frey","year":"2001","unstructured":"Frey C, Takala J, Krahenbuhl L: Non-occlusive small bowel necrosis during gastric tube feeding: a case report. Intensive Care Med. 2001, 27: 1422-5. 10.1007\/s001340000712.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"169_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(02)00373-1","volume":"22","author":"RV Venkateswaran","year":"2002","unstructured":"Venkateswaran RV, Charman SC, Goddard M, Large SR: Lethal mesenteric ischaemia after cardiopulmonary bypass: a common complication?. Eur J Cardio-Thor Surg. 2002, 22: 534-538. 10.1016\/S1010-7940(02)00373-1.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardio-Thor Surg"},{"key":"169_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-2127-y","volume":"30","author":"R Rokyta","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rokyta R, Matejovic M, Krouzecky A, Senft V, Trefil L, Novak I: Post-pyloric enteral nutrition in septic patients: effects on hepato-splanchnic hemodynamics and energy status. Intensive Care Med. 2004, 30: 714-7. 10.1007\/s00134-003-2127-y.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"169_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607104028005334","volume":"28","author":"W King","year":"2004","unstructured":"King W, Petrillo T, Pettignano R: Enteral nutrition and cardiovascular medications in the pediatric intensive care unit. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2004, 28: 334-8.","journal-title":"J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"169_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Herce J, Santiago MJ, S\u00e1nchez C, Menc\u00eda S, Carrillo A, Vigil D: Risk factors for gastrointestinal complications in critically ill children with transpyloric enteral nutrition. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007; Feb 28,","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602710"},{"key":"169_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00459.x","volume":"65","author":"E Fiaccadori","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fiaccadori E, Maggiore U, Giacosa R, Rotelli C, Picetti E, Sagripanti S, Melfa L, Meschi T, Borghi L, Cabassi A: Enteral nutrition in patients with acute renal failure. Kidney Int. 2004, 65: 999-1008. 10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00459.x.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"169_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0271-x","volume":"32","author":"J L\u00f3pez-Herce","year":"2006","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Herce J, S\u00e1nchez C, Carrillo A, Menc\u00eda S, Santiago MJ, Bustinza A, Vigil D: Transpyloric enteral nutrition in the critically ill child with renal failure. Intensive Care Med. 2006, 32: 1599-605. 10.1007\/s00134-006-0271-x.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"169_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709548","volume":"22","author":"DK Heyland","year":"1996","unstructured":"Heyland DK, Tougas G, King D, Cook DJ: Impaired gastric emptying in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 1996, 22: 1339-44. 10.1007\/BF01709548.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"}],"container-title":["Nutrition Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1475-2891-7-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1475-2891-7-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1475-2891-7-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1475-2891-7-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T21:23:20Z","timestamp":1708550600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nutritionj.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1475-2891-7-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,31]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2891-7-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2891"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2891","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 October 2007","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2008","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2008","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"6"}}