{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T20:12:56Z","timestamp":1792959176910,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Eng OnLine"],"DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925x-3-21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,6]],"date-time":"2004-07-06T06:24:15Z","timestamp":1089095055000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["A decision tree \u2013 based method for the differential diagnosis of Aortic Stenosis from Mitral Regurgitation using heart sounds"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Sotiris A","family":"Pavlopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonis CH","family":"Stasis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Euripides N","family":"Loukis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"48_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.22.2711","volume":"103","author":"CG DeGroff","year":"2001","unstructured":"DeGroff CG, Bhatikar S, Hertzberg J, Shandas R, Valdes-Cruz L, Mahajan RL: Artificial neural network-based method of screening heart murmurs in children.\n                           Circulation 2001, 103: 2711\u20132716.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"48_CR2","first-page":"591","volume":"27","author":"SR Criley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Criley SR, Criley DG, Criley JM, Beyond Heart Sound: An Interactive Teaching and Skills Testing Program for Cardiac Examination.\n                           Blaufuss Medical Multimedia, San Francisco, CA, USA, Computers in Cardiology 2000, 27: 591\u2013594.","journal-title":"Blaufuss Medical Multimedia, San Francisco, CA, USA, Computers in Cardiology"},{"key":"48_CR3","volume-title":"In Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory","author":"WW Myint","year":"2001","unstructured":"Myint WW, Dillard B: An Electronic Stethoscope with Diagnosis Capability.\n                           In Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE Southeastern Symposium on System Theory 2001. 18\u201320 March 2001"},{"key":"48_CR4","first-page":"117","volume":"24","author":"S Lukkarinen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lukkarinen S, Noponen A-L, Sikio K, Angerla A: A New Phonocardiographic Recording System.\n                           Computers in Cardiology 1997, 24: 117\u2013120.","journal-title":"Computers in Cardiology"},{"key":"48_CR5","first-page":"501","volume-title":"Computers in Cardiology","author":"A Haghighi-Mood","year":"1995","unstructured":"Haghighi-Mood A, Torry JN: A Sub-Band Energy Tracking Algorithm for Heart Sound Segmentation.\n                           Computers in Cardiology 1995, 501\u2013504. 10\u201313 September 1995"},{"key":"48_CR6","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Computers in Cardiology","author":"H Liang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liang H, Lukkarinen S, Hartimo I: Heart Sound Segmentation Algorithm Based on Heart Sound Envelogram.\n                           Computers in Cardiology 1997, 105\u2013108. 7\u201310 Sept 1997"},{"key":"48_CR7","first-page":"1630","volume":"4","author":"H Liang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liang H, Lukkarinen S, Hartimo I: A heart sound segmentation algorithm using wavelet decomposition and reconstruction.\n                           Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 1997, 4: 1630\u20131633.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society"},{"key":"48_CR8","first-page":"3\/1","volume-title":"IEE Colloquium (Digest)","author":"JE Hebden","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hebden JE, Torry JN: Neural network and conventional classifiers to distinguish between first and second heart sounds.\n                           IEE Colloquium (Digest) 1996, 3\/1\u20133\/6."},{"key":"48_CR9","first-page":"601","volume-title":"Computers in Cardiology","author":"B Tovar-Corona","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tovar-Corona B, Torry JN: Time-frequency representation of systolic murmurs using wavelets.\n                           Computers in Cardiology 1998, 601\u2013604. 13\u201316 Sep 1998"},{"key":"48_CR10","first-page":"385","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE-SP International Symposium","author":"PR White","year":"1996","unstructured":"White PR, Collis WB, Salmon AP: Analysing heart murmurs using time-frequency methods, Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Analysis.\n                           Proceedings of the IEEE-SP International Symposium 1996, 385\u2013388. 18\u201321 June 1996"},{"key":"48_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.1995.575035","volume":"1","author":"Yanjun Wu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wu Yanjun, Xu Jingping, Zhao Yan, Wang Jing, Wang Bo, Cheng Jingzhi: Time-frequency analysis of the second heart sound signals.\n                           In Proceedings of IEEE 17th Annual Conference Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 1995, 1: 131\u2013132. 20\u201323 Sept. 1995","journal-title":"In Proceedings of IEEE 17th Annual Conference Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society"},{"issue":"6","key":"48_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02345436","volume":"39","author":"W Wang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wang W, Guo Z, Yang J, Zhang Y, Durand LG, Loew M: Analysis of the first heart sound using the matching pursuit method.\n                           Med Biol Eng Comput 2001,39(6):644\u2013648.","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"issue":"4","key":"48_CR13","first-page":"468","volume":"2","author":"H Nygaard","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nygaard H, Thuesen L, Terp K, Hasenkam JM, Paulsens PK: Assessing the severity of aortic valve stenosis by spectral analysis of cardiac murmurs (spectral vibrocardiography). Part II: Clinical aspects.\n                           The Journal of Heart Valve Disease 1993,2(4):468\u2013475.","journal-title":"The Journal of Heart Valve Disease"},{"key":"48_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.1998.747181","volume":"3","author":"H Liang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Liang H, Hartimo I: A heart sound feature extraction algorithm based on wavelet decomposition and reconstruction.\n                           In Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 1998, 3: 1539\u20131542. 29 Oct. \u2013 1 Nov. 1998 10.1109\/IEMBS.1998.747181","journal-title":"In Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society"},{"key":"48_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharif Z, Zainal MS, Sha'ameri AZ, Salleh SHS: Analysis and classification of heart sounds and murmurs based on the instantaneous energy and frequency estimations.\n                           TENCON 2000. Proceedings IEEE\n                           2: 130\u2013134.","DOI":"10.1109\/TENCON.2000.888404"},{"issue":"5","key":"48_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1109\/51.334639","volume":"13","author":"Y Akay","year":"1994","unstructured":"Akay Y, Akay M, Welkowitz W, Kostis J: Noninvasive detection of coronary artery disease.\n                           IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 1994,13(5):761\u2013764. 10.1109\/51.334639","journal-title":"IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"48_CR17","first-page":"109","volume":"24","author":"JE Hebden","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hebden JE, Torry JN: Identification of Aortic Stenosis and Mitral Regurgitation by Heart Sound Analysis.\n                           Computers in Cardiology 1997, 24: 109\u2013112.","journal-title":"Computers in Cardiology"},{"key":"48_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leung T, White P, Collis W, Brown E, Salmon A: Classification of heart sounds using time-frequency method and artificial neural networks.\n                           In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society\n                           2: 988\u2013991. 23\u201328 July 2000","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2000.897889"},{"key":"48_CR19","first-page":"1628","volume-title":"In Proceedings of the 19th Annual conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Hong Kong","author":"T Leung","year":"1998","unstructured":"Leung T, White P, Collis W, Brown E, Salmon A: Analysing paediatric heart murmurs with discriminant analysis.\n                           In Proceedings of the 19th Annual conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Hong Kong 1998, 1628\u20131631."},{"issue":"3","key":"48_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02458041","volume":"31","author":"L Durand","year":"1993","unstructured":"Durand L, Guo Z, Sabbah H, Stein P: Comparison of spectral techniques for computer-assisted classification of spectra of heart sounds in patients with porcine bioprosthetic valves.\n                           Med Biol Eng Comput 1993,31(3):229\u201336.","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"issue":"4","key":"48_CR21","first-page":"343","volume":"4","author":"CH Wu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wu CH: On the analysis and classification of heart sounds based on segmental Bayesian networks and time analysis.\n                           Journal of the Chinese Institute of Electrical Engineering, Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Series E 1997,4(4):343\u2013350.","journal-title":"Journal of the Chinese Institute of Electrical Engineering, Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Series E"},{"key":"48_CR22","first-page":"7\/1","volume-title":"IEE Colloquium (Digest)","author":"A Haghighi-Mood","year":"1997","unstructured":"Haghighi-Mood A, Torry JN: Time-frequency analysis of systolic murmurs.\n                           IEE Colloquium (Digest) 1997, 7\/1\u20137\/2."},{"key":"48_CR23","volume-title":"Doctoral Thesis","author":"G Koundourakis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Koundourakis G, En Visioner: A Data Mining Framework Based On Decision Trees.\n                           Doctoral Thesis University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology 2001."},{"key":"48_CR24","first-page":"11","volume-title":"In Proc. of 1997 Int'l Workshop on Research Issues on Data Engineering (RIDE'97)","author":"M Kamber","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kamber M, Winstone L, Gong W, Cheng S, Han J: Generalisation and Decision Tree Induction: Efficient Classification in Data Mining.\n                           In Proc. of 1997 Int'l Workshop on Research Issues on Data Engineering (RIDE'97) Birmingham, England 1997, 11\u2013120."},{"key":"48_CR25","volume-title":"PhD Thesis","author":"A Stasis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stasis A: Decision Support System for Heart Sound Diagnosis, using digital signal processing algorithms and data mining techniques.\n                           PhD Thesis Athens, National Technical University of Athens 2003."},{"key":"48_CR26","volume-title":"In Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","author":"B Liu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Liu B, Xia Y, Yu P: Clustering through decision tree construction.\n                           In Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management Washington, DC 2000."},{"key":"48_CR27","first-page":"335","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Machine Learning, Morgan Kaufmann","author":"SM Weiss","year":"1994","unstructured":"Weiss SM, Indurkhya N: Small sample decision tree pruning.\n                           Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Machine Learning, Morgan Kaufmann 1994, 335\u2013342."},{"key":"48_CR28","volume-title":"Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques","author":"J Han","year":"2001","unstructured":"Han J, Kamber M: Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques Morgan Kaufman Publisher 2001."},{"key":"48_CR29","volume-title":"Information Technology Application in Biomedicine Conference Birmingham UK, IEEE-EMBS","author":"A Stasis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stasis A, Loukis E, Pavlopoulos S, Koutsouris D: Using decision tree algorithms as a basis for a heart sound diagnosis decision support system.\n                           Information Technology Application in Biomedicine Conference Birmingham UK, IEEE-EMBS 2003."},{"key":"48_CR30","volume-title":"Computational Management Science Conference Crete, Journal of the CMS","author":"A Stasis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stasis A, Skarpalezos D, Pavlopoulos S, Koutsouris D: Differentiation of opening snap, second heart sound split and third heart sound, using a multiple Decision Tree Architecture.\n                           Computational Management Science Conference Crete, Journal of the CMS 2003."},{"key":"48_CR31","volume-title":"Twelve Recorded Lessons with heart sound simulator, Merk Sharp & Dohme Hellas","author":"N Karatzas","year":"1974","unstructured":"Karatzas N, Papadogianni D, Spanidou E, Klouva F, Sirigou A, Papavasiliou S: Twelve Recorded Lessons with heart sound simulator, Merk Sharp & Dohme Hellas Medical Publications Litsas, Athens 1974."},{"key":"48_CR32","volume-title":"The physiological Origins of Heart Sounds and Murmurs","author":"JM Criley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Criley JM, Criley DG, Zalace C: The physiological Origins of Heart Sounds and Murmurs Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Blaufuss Medical Multimedia 1995."},{"key":"48_CR33","unstructured":"Littman, 20 Examples of Cardiac & Pulmonary Auscultation"},{"key":"48_CR34","volume-title":"The Auscultation Assistant","author":"C Cable","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cable C:\nThe Auscultation Assistant 1997. [http:\/\/www.wilkes.med.ucla.edu\/intro.html]"},{"key":"48_CR35","volume-title":"Virtual Stethoscope","author":"L Glass","year":"1997","unstructured":"Glass L, Pennycook B:\nVirtual Stethoscope McGill University, Molson Medical Informatics Project 1997. [http:\/\/sprojects.mmip.mcgill.ca\/mvs\/mvsteth.htm]"},{"key":"48_CR36","unstructured":"VMRCVM Class of 2002, Virginia Maryland regional College of veterinary medicine"},{"key":"48_CR37","unstructured":"Kocabasoglu YE, Henning RH:\nHuman Heart Sounds [http:\/\/www.lf2.cuni.cz\/Projekty\/interna\/heart_sounds\/h12\/index.html]"},{"key":"48_CR38","unstructured":"Frontiers in Bioscience, Normal and Abnormal EKGs and Heart Sounds\n[http:\/\/www.bioscience.org\/atlases\/heart\/sound\/sound.htm]"},{"key":"48_CR39","unstructured":"Student Internal Medicine Society, Class 2000 Cardiology Heart Sounds Wave Files, American College of Physicians, Baylor College of Medicine"}],"container-title":["BioMedical Engineering OnLine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1475-925X-3-21.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T15:58:16Z","timestamp":1726243096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/biomedical-engineering-online.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1475-925X-3-21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,29]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["48"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-925x-3-21","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-925X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-925X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 February 2004","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2004","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2004","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"21"}}