{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T14:04:11Z","timestamp":1756994651716},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioMed Eng OnLine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A common but debated technique in the management of swallowing difficulties is the chin tuck swallow, where the neck is flexed forward prior to swallowing. Natural variations in chin tuck angles across individuals may contribute to the differential effectiveness of the technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>To facilitate the study of chin tuck angle variations, we present a template tracking algorithm that automatically extracts neck angles from sagittal videos of individuals performing chin tuck swallows. Three yellow markers geometrically arranged on a pair of dark visors were used as tracking cues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The algorithm was applied to data collected from 178 healthy participants during neutral and chin tuck position swallows. Our analyses revealed no major influences of body mass index and age on neck flexion angles during swallowing, while gender influenced the average neck angle only during wet swallows in the neutral position. Chin tuck angles seem to be independent of anthropometry and gender in healthy adults, but deserve further study in pathological populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed neck flexion angle extraction algorithm may be useful in future studies where strict participant compliance to swallowing task protocol can be assured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925x-8-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,7]],"date-time":"2009-10-07T18:14:50Z","timestamp":1254939290000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Extraction of average neck flexion angle during swallowing in neutral and chin-tuck positions"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Delbert","family":"Hung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ervin","family":"Sejdi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catriona M","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"311_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70209-1","volume":"126","author":"E Mbonda","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mbonda E, Claus D, Bonnier C, Evrard P, Gadisseux JF, Lyon G: Prolonged dysphagia caused by congenital pharyngeal dysfunction. The Journal of Pediatrics 1995,126(6):923\u2013927. 10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70209-1","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"311_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90200-3","volume":"79","author":"SK Daniels","year":"1998","unstructured":"Daniels SK, Brailey K, Priestly DH, Herrington LR, Weisberg LA, Foundas AL: Aspiration in Patients With Acute Stroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1998, 79: 14\u201319. 10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90200-3","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"key":"311_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1054\/bjom.2000.0482","volume":"38","author":"Aea Zuydam","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zuydam Aea: Swallowing rehabilitation after oro-pharyngeal resection for squamous cell carcinoma. British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery 2000, 38: 513\u2013518.","journal-title":"British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"311_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02406915","volume":"1","author":"D Buchholz","year":"1987","unstructured":"Buchholz D: Neurologic Evaluation of Dysphagia. Dysphagia 1987, 1: 187\u2013192. 10.1007\/BF02406915","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"311_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2008.10.003","volume":"10","author":"JL Coyle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Coyle JL, Davis LA, Easterling C, Graner DE, Langmore S, Leder SB, Lefton-Greif MA, Leslie P, Logemann JA, Mackay L, Martin-Harris B, Murray JT, Sonies B, Steele CM: Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Assessment and Treatment Efficacy: Setting the Record Straight (Response to Campbell-Taylor). Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 2009, 10: 62\u201366. 10.1016\/j.jamda.2008.10.003","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Directors Association"},{"key":"311_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(93)90035-9","volume":"74","author":"TK Shanahan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Shanahan TK, Logemann JA, Rademaker AW, Pauloski BR, Kahrilas PJ: Chin-Down Posture Effect on Aspiration in Dysphagic Patients. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 1993, 74: 736\u2013739. 10.1016\/0003-9993(93)90035-9","journal-title":"Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"311_CR7","first-page":"178","volume":"74","author":"MV Welch","year":"1993","unstructured":"Welch MV, Logemann JA, Rademaker AW, Kahrilas PJ: Changes in Pharyngeal Dimensions Effected by Chin Tuck. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 1993,74(2):178\u2013181.","journal-title":"Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"311_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00009589","volume":"14","author":"M B\u00fclow","year":"1999","unstructured":"B\u00fclow M, Olsson R, Ekberg O: Videomanometric Analysis of Supraglottic Swallow, Effortful Swallow, and Chin Tuck in Healthy Volunteers. Dysphagia 1999,14(2):67\u201372.","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"2","key":"311_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.03.016","volume":"135","author":"H Yip","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yip H, Leonard R, Belafsky PC: Can a fluoroscopic estimation of pharyngeal constriction predict aspiration? Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2006,135(2):215\u2013217. 10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.03.016","journal-title":"Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"311_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1145\/800248.807361","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques","author":"AR Smith","year":"1978","unstructured":"Smith AR: Color gamut transform pairs. Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques 1978, 12\u201319. full_text"},{"key":"311_CR11","volume-title":"Digital Image Processing","author":"RC Gonzalez","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gonzalez RC, Woods RE: Digital Image Processing. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc; 1992."},{"key":"311_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076","volume":"9","author":"N Otsu","year":"1979","unstructured":"Otsu N: A Threshold Selection Method from Gray-Level Histograms. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics 1979, 9: 62\u201366. 10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"311_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1109\/83.217222","volume":"2","author":"L Vincent","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vincent L: Morphological Grayscale Reconstruction in Image Analysis: Applications and Efficient Algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 1993,2(2):176\u2013201. 10.1109\/83.217222","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing"},{"issue":"2","key":"311_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2005.07.012","volume":"34","author":"A Medine","year":"2006","unstructured":"Medine A, Sa\u011flam \u015e, Uydas NE: Relationship between head posture and hyoid position in adult females and males. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 2006,34(2):85\u201392. 10.1016\/j.jcms.2005.07.012","journal-title":"Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery"},{"key":"311_CR15","first-page":"565","volume":"5","author":"DR Ankrum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ankrum DR, Nemeth KJ: Head and Neck Posture at Computer Workstations - What's Neutral? Proceedings of the 14th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association 2000, 5: 565\u2013568.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 14th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association"},{"key":"311_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(99)70306-9","volume":"116","author":"L Peng","year":"1999","unstructured":"Peng L, Cooke MS: Fifteen-year reproducibility of natural head posture: A longitudinal study. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 1999, 116: 82\u201385. 10.1016\/S0889-5406(99)70306-9","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics"},{"issue":"4","key":"311_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(95)00072-0","volume":"11","author":"PH Trott","year":"1996","unstructured":"Trott PH, Pearcy MJ, Ruston SA, Fulton I, Brien C: Three-dimensional analysis of active cervical motion: The effect of age and gender. Clinical Biomechanics 1996,11(4):201\u2013206. 10.1016\/0268-0033(95)00072-0","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics"},{"key":"311_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1054\/math.1995.0248","volume":"1","author":"DE Hole","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hole DE, Cook JM, Bolton JE: Reliability and concurrent validity of two instruments for measuring cervical range of motion: effects of age and gender. Manual Therapy 1995, 1: 36\u201342. 10.1054\/math.1995.0248","journal-title":"Manual Therapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"311_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/72.11.770","volume":"72","author":"JW Youdas","year":"1992","unstructured":"Youdas JW, Garrett TR, Suman VJ, Bogard CL, Hallman HO, Carey JR: Normal range of motion of the cervical spine: An initial goniometric study. Physical Therapy 1992,72(11):770\u2013780.","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"311_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M257","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/50A.5.M257","volume":"50","author":"JA Robbins","year":"1995","unstructured":"Robbins JA, Levine R, Wood J, Roecker EB, Luschei E: Age effects on lingual pressure generation as a risk factor for dysphagia. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 1995,50(5):M257-M262.","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"311_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TGR.0000284766.30549.06","volume":"23","author":"F Boczko","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boczko F, Feightner K: Dysphagia in the older adult: The roles of speech-language pathologists and occupational therapists. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation 2007,23(3):220\u2013227.","journal-title":"Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation"},{"key":"311_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/9.1.1","volume":"9","author":"A Tallgren","year":"1987","unstructured":"Tallgren A, Solow B: Hyoid bone position, facial morphology and head posture in adults. The European Journal of Orthodontics 1987, 9: 1\u20138.","journal-title":"The European Journal of Orthodontics"},{"issue":"2","key":"311_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E44","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000194841.83419.0b","volume":"31","author":"EM Malmstr\u00f6m","year":"2006","unstructured":"Malmstr\u00f6m EM, Karlberg M, Fransson PA, Melander A, Magnusson M: Primary and coupled cervical movements: The effect of age, gender, and body mass index. A 3-dimensional movement analysis of a population without symptoms of neck disorders. Spine 2006,31(2):E44-E50.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"311_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(02)00081-X","volume":"36","author":"S Kaneko","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kaneko S, Satoh Y, Igarashi S: Using selective correlation coefficient for robust image registration. Pattern Recognition 2003,36(5):1165\u20131173. 10.1016\/S0031-3203(02)00081-X","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"}],"container-title":["BioMedical Engineering OnLine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1475-925X-8-25.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T23:56:26Z","timestamp":1710633386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/biomedical-engineering-online.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1475-925X-8-25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,7]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-925x-8-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-925X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-925X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2009","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2009","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"25"}}