{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T04:23:52Z","timestamp":1728447832134},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,25]],"date-time":"2005-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1106611200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,25]],"date-time":"2005-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1106611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Kinetoplastid Biol Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated the adoptive transfer of DCs on <jats:italic>Leishmania (L.) mexicana<\/jats:italic>-infected neonatal BALB\/c mice. DCs were isolated and purified from the spleens of the following donor groups: a) Adult BALB\/c mice infected during adulthood with <jats:italic>L. (L) mexicana<\/jats:italic>; b) Adult BALB\/c mice infected during neonatal life; c) Healthy neonatal BALB\/c mice; d) Healthy adult BALB\/c mice. A neonatal model of infection, generated after inoculation with 5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> promastigotes of <jats:italic>L. (L) mexicana<\/jats:italic>, was used as the infection control group. Sixteen hours after intraperitoneal transfer of DCs (1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>, or 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> cells\/ml), neonatal recipient BALB\/c mice were infected. The adoptive transfer of DCs diminished disease progression in neonatal mice. This reduction depends on the quantity and provenance of transferred DCs, since the effect was more evident with high numbers of DCs from adult mice infected during adulthood and healthy neonatal mice. Protection was significantly reduced in animals receiving DCs from healthy adult mice but it was absent in mice receiving DCs from adult mice infected during neonatal life. These results suggest that genetic susceptibility to <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infection can be modified during neonatal life, and that the period of life when antigens are encountered is crucial in influencing the capacity of DCs to induce resistance or tolerance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9292-4-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,25]],"date-time":"2005-01-25T12:25:00Z","timestamp":1106655900000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Adoptive transfer of dendritic cells modulates immunogenesis and tolerogenesis in a neonatal model of murine cutaneous leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Loida V","family":"Ponce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Corado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nilka L","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix J","family":"Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"29_CR1","first-page":"44","volume":"239","author":"RE Billingham","year":"1956","unstructured":"Billingham RE, Brent L, Medawar BP: Quantitative studies of tissue transplantation immunity. Proc R Soc Lond Biol Sci. 1956, 239: 44-","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond Biol Sci"},{"key":"29_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071059","volume":"296","author":"P Matzinger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Matzinger P: The danger model: a renewed sense of self. Science. 2002, 296: 301-305. 10.1126\/science.1071059.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"29_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3663","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.6.3663","volume":"166","author":"CC Anderson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anderson CC, Carroll JM, Gallucci S, Ridge JP, Cheever AW, Matzinger P: Testing time-, ignorance-, and danger-based models of tolerance. J Immunol. 2001, 166: 3663-3671.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.4.1613","volume":"183","author":"RR Singh","year":"1996","unstructured":"Singh RR, Hahn BH, Sercarz EE: Neonatal peptide exposure can prime T cells and, upon subsequent immunization, induce their immune deviation: implications for antibody vs. T cell-mediated autoimmunity. J Exp Med. 1996, 183: 1613-1621. 10.1084\/jem.183.4.1613.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"29_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5256.1723","volume":"271","author":"JP Ridge","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ridge JP, Fuchs EJ, Matzinger P: Neonatal tolerance revisited: turning on newborn T cells with dendritic cells. Science. 1996, 271: 1723-1726.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"29_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.5.2347","volume":"164","author":"B Adkins","year":"2000","unstructured":"Adkins B, Bu Y, Cepero E, Perez R: Exclusive Th2 primary effector function in spleens but mixed Th1\/Th2 function in lymph nodes of murine neonates. J Immunol. 2000, 164: 2347-2353.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(99)01473-5","volume":"20","author":"B Adkins","year":"1999","unstructured":"Adkins B: T-cell function in newborn mice and humans. Immunol Today. 1999, 20: 330-335. 10.1016\/S0167-5699(99)01473-5.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"29_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3378","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.8.3378","volume":"153","author":"B Adkins","year":"1994","unstructured":"Adkins B, Ghanei A, Hamilton K: Up-regulation of murine neonatal T helper cell responses by accessory cell factors. J Immunol. 1994, 153: 3378-3385.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.2.918","volume":"166","author":"B Adkins","year":"2001","unstructured":"Adkins B, Bu Y, Guevara P: The generation of Th memory in neonates versus adults: prolonged primary Th2 effector function and impaired development of Th1 memory effector function in murine neonates. J Immunol. 2001, 166: 918-925.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5256.1728","volume":"271","author":"T Forsthuber","year":"1996","unstructured":"Forsthuber T, Yip HC, Lehmann PV: Induction of TH1 and TH2 immunity in neonatal mice. Science. 1996, 271: 1728-1730.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"29_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5256.1726","volume":"271","author":"M Sarzotti","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sarzotti M, Robbins DS, Hoffman PM: Induction of protective CTL responses in newborn mice by a murine retrovirus. Science. 1996, 271: 1726-1728.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"29_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3109\/08830180009088506","volume":"19","author":"A Bot","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bot A: DNA vaccination and the immune responsiveness of neonates. Int Rev Immunol. 2000, 19: 221-245.","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80245-9","volume":"6","author":"KM Garza","year":"1997","unstructured":"Garza KM, Griggs ND, Tung KS: Neonatal injection of an ovarian peptide induces autoimmune ovarian disease in female mice: requirement of endogenous neonatal ovaries. Immunity. 1997, 6: 89-96. 10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80245-9.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"29_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2001.00974.x","volume":"54","author":"P Matzinger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Matzinger P: Essay 1: the Danger model in its historical context. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. 2001, 54: 4-9. 10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2001.00974.x.","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"29_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2003.01206.x","volume":"28","author":"NL Diaz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Diaz NL, Fernandez M, Figueira E, Ramirez R, Monsalve IB, Tapia FJ: Nitric oxide and cellular immunity in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2003, 28: 288-293. 10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2003.01206.x.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"29_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.22.2.301-307.1978","volume":"22","author":"H Perez","year":"1978","unstructured":"Perez H, Arredondo B, Gonzalez M: Comparative study of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in two strains of inbred mice. Infect Immun. 1978, 22: 301-307.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"29_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(79)90049-3","volume":"48","author":"H Perez","year":"1979","unstructured":"Perez H, Arredondo B, Machado R: Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania tropica: cross immunity in C57BL\/6 mice. Exp Parasitol. 1979, 48: 9-14. 10.1016\/0014-4894(79)90049-3.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"29_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230730","volume":"23","author":"H Moll","year":"1993","unstructured":"Moll H, Fuchs H, Blank C, Rollinghoff M: Langerhans cells transport Leishmania major from the infected skin to the draining lymph node for presentation to antigen-specific T cells. Eur J Immunol. 1993, 23: 1595-1601.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR19","first-page":"241","volume":"60","author":"RL Modlin","year":"1985","unstructured":"Modlin RL, Tapia FJ, Bloom BR, Gallinoto ME, Castes M, Rondon AJ, Rea TH, Convit J: In situ characterization of the cellular immune response in American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Exp Immunol. 1985, 60: 241-248.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR20","first-page":"479","volume-title":"The Langerhans Cell","author":"FJ Tapia","year":"1988","unstructured":"Tapia FJ, Rojas E, Kraal G, Mosca W, Convit J: Immunocytochemical analysis of Langerhans cells in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. The Langerhans Cell. Edited by: Thivolet J, Schmitt D. 1988, Colloques INSERM\/John Libbey Eurotext Ltd, 172: 479-489."},{"key":"29_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95S","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12669972","volume":"99","author":"G Caceres-Dittmar","year":"1992","unstructured":"Caceres-Dittmar G, Sanchez MA, Oriol O, Kraal G, Tapia FJ: Epidermal compromise in American cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Invest Dermatol. 1992, 99: 95S-98S. 10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12669972.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"29_CR22","first-page":"180","volume":"2","author":"MA Sanchez","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sanchez MA, Caceres-Dittmar G, Oriol O, Mosca W, Kraal G, Tapia FJ: Epidermal Langerhans cells and dendritic epidermal T cells in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. Immunocytochemical study. Acta Microscopica. 1993, 2: 180-187.","journal-title":"Acta Microscopica"},{"key":"29_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.8.1547","volume":"188","author":"E von Stebut","year":"1998","unstructured":"von Stebut E, Belkaid Y, Jakob T, Sacks DL, Udey MC: Uptake of Leishmania major amastigotes results in activation and interleukin 12 release from murine skin-derived dendritic cells: implications for the initiation of anti-Leishmania immunity. J Exp Med. 1998, 188: 1547-1552. 10.1084\/jem.188.8.1547.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"29_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.4.1991-2001.2004","volume":"72","author":"T Baldwin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baldwin T, Henri S, Curtis J, O'Keeffe M, Vremec D, Shortman K, Handman E: Dendritic Cell Populations in Leishmania major-Infected Skin and Draining Lymph Nodes. Infection and Immunity. 2004, 72: 1991-2001. 10.1128\/IAI.72.4.1991-2001.2004.","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"29_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250310","volume":"25","author":"H Moll","year":"1995","unstructured":"Moll H, Flohe S, Rollinghoff M: Dendritic cells in Leishmania major-immune mice harbor persistent parasites and mediate an antigen-specific T cell immune response. Eur J Immunol. 1995, 25: 693-699.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09616.x","volume":"840","author":"DH Brown","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brown DH, Lafuse WP, Zwilling BS: Host resistance to mycobacteria is compromised by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998, 840: 773-786.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"29_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.4.1182","volume":"148","author":"R Chatelain","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chatelain R, Varkila K, Coffman RL: IL-4 induces a Th2 response in Leishmania major-infected mice. J Immunol. 1992, 148: 1182-1187.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3298","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830251215","volume":"25","author":"P Launois","year":"1995","unstructured":"Launois P, Ohteki T, Swihart K, MacDonald HR, Louis JA: In susceptible mice, Leishmania major induce very rapid interleukin-4 production by CD4+ T cells which are NK1.1. Eur J Immunol. 1995, 25: 3298-3307.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.7.3317","volume":"158","author":"P Launois","year":"1997","unstructured":"Launois P, Swihart KG, Milon G, Louis JA: Early production of IL-4 in susceptible mice infected with Leishmania major rapidly induces IL-12 unresponsiveness. J Immunol. 1997, 158: 3317-3324.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6708","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.11.6708","volume":"162","author":"MM Elloso","year":"1999","unstructured":"Elloso MM, Scott P: Expression and contribution of B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) in the early immune response to Leishmania major infection. J Immunol. 1999, 162: 6708-6715.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200206)32:6<1764::AID-IMMU1764>3.0.CO;2-V","volume":"32","author":"JA Brown","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brown JA, Greenwald RJ, Scott S, Schweitzer AN, Satoskar AR, Chung C, Schopf LR, van der Woude D, Sypek JP, Sharpe AH: T helper differentiation in resistant and susceptible B7-deficient mice infected with Leishmania major. Eur J Immunol. 2002, 32: 1764-1772. 10.1002\/1521-4141(200206)32:6<1764::AID-IMMU1764>3.0.CO;2-V.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3448","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.11.3448","volume":"149","author":"B Adkins","year":"1992","unstructured":"Adkins B, Hamilton K: Freshly isolated, murine neonatal T cells produce IL-4 in response to anti-CD3 stimulation. J Immunol. 1992, 149: 3448-3455.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6617","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.12.6617","volume":"151","author":"B Adkins","year":"1993","unstructured":"Adkins B, Ghanei A, Hamilton K: Developmental regulation of IL-4, IL-2, and IFN-gamma production by murine peripheral T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1993, 151: 6617-6626.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.2.631","volume":"172","author":"K Inaba","year":"1990","unstructured":"Inaba K, Metlay JP, Crowley MT, Steinman RM: Dendritic cells pulsed with protein antigens in vitro can prime antigen-specific, MHC-restricted T cells in situ. J Exp Med. 1990, 172: 631-640. 10.1084\/jem.172.2.631.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"29_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/318059a0","volume":"318","author":"CJ Boog","year":"1985","unstructured":"Boog CJ, Kast WM, Timmers HT, Boes J, de Waal LP, Melief CJ: Abolition of specific immune response defect by immunization with dendritic cells. Nature. 1985, 318: 59-62. 10.1038\/318059a0.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"29_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-22497-7_1","volume-title":"The immune functions of Epidermal Langerhans cells","author":"RM Steinman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Steinman RM, Inaba H, Schuler G: Cutaneous dendritic cells: Distinctive antigen-presenting cells for experimental models and disease states. The immune functions of Epidermal Langerhans cells. Edited by: Moll H. 1995, RG Landes Co, 1-19."},{"key":"29_CR37","first-page":"515","volume-title":"Dendritic Cells. Biology and Clinical Applications","author":"G Schuler","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schuler G, Lutz M, Bender A, Thurner B, R\u00f6der C, Young JW, Romani N: A guide to the isolation and propagation of dendritic cells. Dendritic Cells. Biology and Clinical Applications. Edited by: Lotze M. 1999, Thomson AW: Academic Press, 515-533."},{"key":"29_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1078\/0171-2985-00105","volume":"204","author":"H Moll","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moll H, Berberich C: Dendritic cell-based vaccination strategies: induction of protective immunity against leishmaniasis. Immunobiology. 2001, 204: 659-666.","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"29_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.5.2219","volume":"168","author":"G Dadaglio","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dadaglio G, Sun C-M, Lo-Man R, Siegrist CA, Leclerc C: Efficient In Vivo Priming of Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Responses by Neonatal Dendritic Cells. J Immunol. 2002, 168: 2219-2224.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4803","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.9.4803","volume":"165","author":"S Muthukkumar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Muthukkumar S, Goldstein J, Stein KE: The ability of B cells and dendritic cells to present antigen increases during ontogeny. J Immunol. 2000, 165: 4803-4813.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.3.2141","volume":"166","author":"S Goriely","year":"2001","unstructured":"Goriely S, Vincart B, Stordeur P, Vekemans J, Willems F, Goldman M, De Wit D: Deficient IL-12(p35) Gene Expression by Dendritic Cells Derived from Neonatal Monocytes. J Immunol. 2001, 166: 2141-2146.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"29_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(83)90052-9","volume":"18","author":"JL Schwartz","year":"1983","unstructured":"Schwartz JL, Weichselbaum R, Frim SR: The effect of aging on the density and distribution of oral mucosal Langerhans cells. Exp Gerontol. 1983, 18: 65-71. 10.1016\/0531-5565(83)90052-9.","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"29_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(87)90102-6","volume":"32","author":"BR Rittman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rittman BR, Hill MW, Rittman GA, Mackenzie IC: Age-associated changes in Langerhans cells of murine oral epithelium and epidermis. Arch Oral Biol. 1987, 32: 885-889. 10.1016\/0003-9969(87)90102-6.","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"29_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(87)90087-X","volume":"39","author":"KL Choi","year":"1987","unstructured":"Choi KL, Sauder DN: Epidermal Langerhans cell density and contact sensitivity in young and aged BALB\/c mice. Mech Ageing Dev. 1987, 39: 69-79. 10.1016\/0047-6374(87)90087-X.","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"29_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12874586","volume":"94","author":"E Sprecher","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sprecher E, Becker Y, Kraal G, Hall E, Harrison D, Shultz LD: Effect of aging on epidermal dendritic cell populations in C57BL\/6J mice. J Invest Dermatol. 1990, 94: 247-253. 10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12874586.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"29_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12500031","volume":"79","author":"BA Gilchrest","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gilchrest BA, Murphy GF, Soter NA: Effect of chronologic aging and ultraviolet irradiation on Langerhans cells in human epidermis. J Invest Dermatol. 1982, 79: 85-88. 10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12500031.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"29_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12260055","volume":"82","author":"BH Thiers","year":"1984","unstructured":"Thiers BH, Maize JC, Spicer SS, Cantor AB: The effect of aging and chronic sun exposure on human Langerhans cell populations. J Invest Dermatol. 1984, 82: 223-226. 10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12260055.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"29_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1983.tb00241.x","volume":"24","author":"A Scheibner","year":"1983","unstructured":"Scheibner A, McCarthy WH, Milton GW, Nordlund JJ: Langerhans cell and melanocyte distribution in \"normal\" human epidermis. Preliminary report. Australas J Dermatol. 1983, 24: 9-16.","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"29_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/0531-5565(95)02016-0","volume":"31","author":"JP Buchanan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Buchanan JP, Peters CA, Rasmussen CJ, Rothstein G: Impaired expression of hematopoietic growth factors: a candidate mechanism for the hematopoietic defect of aging. Exp Gerontol. 1996, 31: 135-144. 10.1016\/0531-5565(95)02016-0.","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"29_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.166.5.1484","volume":"166","author":"MD Witmer-Pack","year":"1987","unstructured":"Witmer-Pack MD, Olivier W, Valinsky J, Schuler G, Steinman RM: Granulocyte\/macrophage colony-stimulating factor is essential for the viability and function of cultured murine epidermal Langerhans cells. J Exp Med. 1987, 166: 1484-1498. 10.1084\/jem.166.5.1484.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"29_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04549.x","volume":"146","author":"M Bhushan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bhushan M, Cumberbatch M, Dearman RJ, Andrew SM, Kimber I, Griffiths CE: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced migration of human Langerhans cells: the influence of ageing. Br J Dermatol. 2002, 146: 32-40. 10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04549.x.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"29_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(79)90062-6","volume":"9","author":"H Perez","year":"1979","unstructured":"Perez H, Labrador F, Torrealba JW: Variations in the response of five strains of mice to Leishmania mexicana. Int J Parasitol. 1979, 9: 27-32. 10.1016\/0020-7519(79)90062-6.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"}],"container-title":["Kinetoplastid Biology and Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1475-9292-4-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1475-9292-4-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1475-9292-4-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T10:46:25Z","timestamp":1728384385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/kinetoplastids.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1475-9292-4-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,25]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["29"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-9292-4-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-9292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1475-9292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 June 2004","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2005","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2005","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"2"}}