{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:57:24Z","timestamp":1770825444511,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Biofilms formed by <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> are resistant towards most of the available antifungal drugs. Therefore, infections associated with <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> biofilms are considered as a threat to immunocompromised patients. Combinatorial drug therapy may be a good strategy to combat <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> biofilms.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Combinations of five antifungal drugs- fluconazole (FLC), voriconazole (VOR), caspofungin (CSP), amphotericin B (AmB) and nystatin (NYT) with cyclosporine A (CSA) were tested <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> against planktonic and biofilm growth of <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>. Standard broth micro dilution method was used to study planktonic growth, while biofilms were studied in an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> biofilm model. A chequerboard format was used to determine fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of combination effects. Biofilm growth was analyzed using XTT-metabolic assay.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>MICs of various antifungal drugs for planktonic growth of <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> were lowered in combination with CSA by 2 to 16 fold. Activity against biofilm development with FIC indices of 0.26, 0.28, 0.31 and 0.25 indicated synergistic interactions between FLC-CSA, VOR-CSA, CSP-CSA and AmB-CSA, respectively. Increase in efficacy of the drugs FLC, VOR and CSP against mature biofilms after addition of 62.5 \u03bcg\/ml of CSA was evident with FIC indices 0.06, 0.14 and 0.37, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The combinations with CSA re<jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic> ulted in increased susceptibility of biofilms to antifungal drugs. Combination of antifungal drugs with CSA would be an effective prophylactic and therapeutic strategy against biofilm associated <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> infections.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-11-27","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,4]],"date-time":"2012-10-04T10:14:52Z","timestamp":1349345692000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Sensitization of Candida albicans biofilms to various antifungal drugs by cyclosporine A"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ravikumar B","family":"Shinde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nitin M","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayant S","family":"Raut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sankunny M","family":"Karuppayil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"269_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-011-1064-7","volume":"49","author":"J Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim J, Sudbery P: Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen. 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