{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T03:17:51Z","timestamp":1777173471343,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Infections sustained by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and pan-resistant <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> have become a challenging problem in Intensive Care Units. Tigecycline provided new hope for the treatment of MDR <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> infections, but isolates showing reduced susceptibility have emerged in many countries, further limiting the therapeutic options. Empirical combination therapy has become a common practice to treat patients infected with MDR <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>, in spite of the limited microbiological and clinical evidence supporting its efficacy. Here, the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> interaction of tigecycline with seven commonly used anti-<jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic> drugs has been assessed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Twenty-two MDR <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> isolates from Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients and two reference strains for the European clonal lineages I and II (including 3, 15 and 6 isolates that were resistant, intermediate and susceptible to tigecycline, respectively) were tested. Antimicrobial agents were: tigecycline, levofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, imipenem, rifampicin, ampicillin-sulbactam, and colistin. MICs were determined by the broth microdilution method. Antibiotic interactions were determined by chequerboard and time-kill assays. Only antibiotic combinations showing synergism or antagonism in both chequerboard and time-kill assays were accepted as authentic synergistic or antagonistic interactions, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Considering all antimicrobials in combination with tigecycline, chequerboard analysis showed 5.9% synergy, 85.7% indifference, and 8.3% antagonism. Tigecycline showed synergism with levofloxacin (4 strains; 16.6%), amikacin (2 strains; 8.3%), imipenem (2 strains; 8.3%) and colistin (2 strains; 8.3%). Antagonism was observed for the tigecycline\/piperacillin-tazobactam combination (8 strains; 33.3%). Synergism was detected only among tigecycline non-susceptible strains. Time-kill assays confirmed the synergistic interaction between tigecycline and levofloxacin, amikacin, imipenem and colistin for 5 of 7 selected isolates. No antagonism was confirmed by time-kill assays.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study demonstrates the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> synergistic activity of tigecycline in combination with colistin, levofloxacin, amikacin and imipenem against five tigecycline non-susceptible <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> strains, opening the way to a more rationale clinical assessment of novel combination therapies to combat infections caused by MDR and pan-resistant <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-8-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]],"date-time":"2009-05-21T21:10:09Z","timestamp":1242940209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["In vitro activity of tigecycline in combination with various antimicrobials against multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Luigi","family":"Principe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"D'Arezzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Capone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Petrosillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Visca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"154_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070741","volume":"358","author":"LS Munoz-Price","year":"2008","unstructured":"Munoz-Price LS, Weinstein RA: Acinetobacter infection. N Engl J Med. 2008, 358: 1271-1281. 10.1056\/NEJMra070741","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"154_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1101.040001","volume":"11","author":"A Abbo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abbo A, Navon-Venezia S, Hammer-Muntz O, Krichali T, Siegman-Igra Y, Carmeli Y: Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005, 11: 22-29.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"154_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01456.x","volume":"12","author":"L Poirel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Poirel L, Nordmann P: Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii : mechanisms and epidemiology. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006, 12: 826-836. 10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01456.x","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"154_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn205","volume":"62","author":"A Nemec","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nemec A, Kr\u00edzov\u00e1 L, Maixnerov\u00e1 M, Diancourt L, Reijden van der TJ, Brisse S, Broek van den P, Dijkshoorn L: Emergence of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii in the Czech Republic is associated with the spread of multidrug-resistant strains of European clone II. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008, 62: 484-489. 10.1093\/jac\/dkn205","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00699-06","volume":"44","author":"JM Coelho","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coelho JM, Turton JF, Kaufmann ME, Glover J, Woodford N, Warner M, Palepou MF, Pike R, Pitt TL, Patel BC, Livermore DM: Occurrence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clones at multiple hospitals in London and Southeast England. J Clin Microbiol. 2006, 44: 3623-3627. 10.1128\/JCM.00699-06","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"154_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00103-06","volume":"50","author":"J Li","year":"2006","unstructured":"Li J, Rayner CR, Nation RL, Owen RJ, Spelman D, Tan KE, Liolios L: Heteroresistance to colistin in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006, 50: 2946-2950. 10.1128\/AAC.00103-06","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1086\/429323","volume":"40","author":"ME Falagas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Falagas ME, Kasiakou SK: Colistin: the revival of polymyxins for the management of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2005, 40: 1333-1341. 10.1086\/429323","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"154_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02061.x","volume":"14","author":"N Petrosillo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Petrosillo N, Ioannidou E, Falagas ME: Colistin monotherapy vs. combination therapy: evidence from microbiological, animal and clinical studies. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008, 14: 816-827. 10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02061.x","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"154_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/49.3.479","volume":"49","author":"CJ Henwood","year":"2002","unstructured":"Henwood CJ, Gatward T, Warner M, James D, Stockdale MW, Spence RP, Towner KJ, Livermore DM, Woodford N: Antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter in the UK, and in vitro evaluation of tigecycline (GAR-936). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002, 49: 479-487. 10.1093\/jac\/49.3.479","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4479","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.11.4479-4481.2004","volume":"48","author":"ME Pach\u00f3n-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pach\u00f3n-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez ME, Jim\u00e9nez-Mej\u00edas ME, Pichardo C, Llanos AC, Pach\u00f3n J: Activity of tigecycline (GAR-936) against Acinetobacter baumannii strains, including those resistant to imipenem. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004, 48: 4479-4481. 10.1128\/AAC.48.11.4479-4481.2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm018","volume":"59","author":"S Navon-Venezia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Navon-Venezia S, Leavitt A, Carmeli Y: High tigecycline resistance in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007, 59: 772-774. 10.1093\/jac\/dkm018","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl496","volume":"59","author":"R Insa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Insa R, Cercenado E, Goyanes MJ, Morente A, Bouza E: In vitro activity of tigecycline against clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007, 59: 583-585. 10.1093\/jac\/dkl496","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn172","volume":"62","author":"A Capone","year":"2008","unstructured":"Capone A, D'Arezzo S, Visca P, Petrosillo N: In vitro activity of tigecycline against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008, 62: 422-423. 10.1093\/jac\/dkn172","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00116-06","volume":"50","author":"K Lolans","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lolans K, Rice TW, Munoz-Price LS, Quinn JP: Multicity outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates producing the carbapenemase OXA-40. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006, 50: 2941-2945. 10.1128\/AAC.00116-06","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2004.08.007","volume":"50","author":"YY Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang YY, Zhou L, Zhu DM, Wu PC, Hu FP, Wu WH, Wang F: In vitro activities of tigecycline against clinical isolates from Shanghai, China. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004, 50: 267-281. 10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2004.08.007","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"154_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01198-06","volume":"51","author":"AY Peleg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peleg AY, Adams J, Paterson DL: Tigecycline efflux as a mechanism for nonsusceptibility in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007, 51: 2065-2069. 10.1128\/AAC.01198-06","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn165","volume":"62","author":"DE Karageorgopoulos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Karageorgopoulos DE, Kelesidis T, Kelesidis I, Falagas ME: Tigecycline for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (including carbapenem-resistant) Acinetobacter infections: a review of the scientific evidence. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008, 62: 45-55. 10.1093\/jac\/dkn165","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.27.8.1198","volume":"27","author":"GE Reid","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reid GE, Grim SA, Aldeza CA, Janda WM, Clark NM: Rapid development of Acinetobacter baumannii resistance to tigecycline. Pharmacotherapy. 2007, 27: 1198-1201. 10.1592\/phco.27.8.1198","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"154_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01464-06","volume":"51","author":"F Perez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Perez F, Hujer AM, Hujer KM, Decker BK, Rather PN, Bonomo RA: Global challenge of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007, 51: 3471-3484. 10.1128\/AAC.01464-06","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"7","key":"154_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0330-4","volume":"26","author":"M Sands","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sands M, McCarter Y, Sanchez W: Synergy testing of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumanii against tigecycline and polymyxin using an E-test methodology. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007, 26 (7): 521-522. 10.1007\/s10096-007-0330-4","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis."},{"key":"154_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01099-06","volume":"51","author":"MH Scheetz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scheetz MH, Qi C, Warren JR, Postelnick MJ, Zembower T, Obias A, Noskin GA: In vitro activities of various antimicrobials alone and in combination with tigecycline against carbapenem-intermediate or -resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007, 51: 1621-1626. 10.1128\/AAC.01099-06","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki477","volume":"57","author":"PJ Petersen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Petersen PJ, Labthavikul P, Jones CH, Bradford PA: In vitro antibacterial activities of tigecycline in combination with other antimicrobial agents determined by chequerboard and time-kill kinetic analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006, 57: 573-576. 10.1093\/jac\/dki477","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-006-0123-1","volume":"25","author":"FS Taccone","year":"2006","unstructured":"Taccone FS, Rodriguez-Villalobos H, De Backer D, De Moor V, Deviere J, Vincent JL, Jacobs F: Successful treatment of septic shock due to pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii using combined antimicrobial therapy including tigecycline. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006, 25: 257-260. 10.1007\/s10096-006-0123-1","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"154_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2007.08.015","volume":"26","author":"T Leclerc","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leclerc T, Perez JP, Debien B, Clapson P, Lenoir B: Treatment of a septic shock due to multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii with tigecycline in combination. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. 2007, 26: 1056-1058.","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"},{"key":"154_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01581-07","volume":"52","author":"ES Moland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moland ES, Craft DW, Hong SG, Kim SY, Hachmeister L, Sayed SD, Thomson KS: In vitro activity of tigecycline against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and selection of tigecycline-amikacin synergy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008, 52: 2940-2942. 10.1128\/AAC.01581-07","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR26","volume-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","author":"S D'Arezzo","year":"2009","unstructured":"D'Arezzo S, Capone A, Petrosillo N, Visca P: Epidemic multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii related to European clonal types I and II in Rome (Italy). Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009,"},{"key":"154_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2006.07.010","volume":"64","author":"B Longo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Longo B, Pantosti A, Luzzi I, Placanica P, Gallo S, Tarasi A, Di Sora F, Monaco M, Dionisi AM, Volpe I, Montella F, Cassone A, Rezza G: An outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii in an intensive care unit: epidemiological and molecular findings. J Hosp Infect. 2006, 64: 303-305. 10.1016\/j.jhin.2006.07.010","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"154_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01643-07","volume":"52","author":"M Iacono","year":"2008","unstructured":"Iacono M, Villa L, Fortini D, Bordoni R, Imperi F, Bonnal RJ, Sicheritz-Ponten T, De Bellis G, Visca P, Cassone A, Carattoli A: Whole-genome pyrosequencing of an epidemic multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain belonging to the European clone II group. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008, 52: 2616-2625. 10.1128\/AAC.01643-07","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.05445-0","volume":"53","author":"A Nemec","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nemec A, Dijkshoorn L, van der Reijden TJ: Long-term predominance of two pan-European clones among multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains in the Czech Republic. J Med Microbiol. 2004, 53: 147-153. 10.1099\/jmm.0.05445-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"154_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46747-0","volume":"55","author":"ME Falagas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Falagas ME, Koletsi PK, Bliziotis IA: The diversity of definitions of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Microbiol. 2006, 55: 1619-1629. 10.1099\/jmm.0.46747-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"154_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1086\/504476","volume":"43","author":"DL Paterson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Paterson DL: The epidemiological profile of infections with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species. Clin Infect Dis. 2006, 43 (Suppl 2): 43-48. 10.1086\/504476.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"154_CR32","volume-title":"CLSI document M100 S17. Wayne PA. USA","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute","year":"2007","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute: Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Seventeenth informational supplement. CLSI document M100 S17. Wayne PA. USA. 2007."},{"key":"154_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.1.183-190.2001","volume":"39","author":"AC Gales","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gales AC, Reis AO, Jones RN: Contemporary assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for polymyxin B and colistin: review of available interpretative criteria and quality control guidelines. J Clin Microbiol. 2001, 39: 183-190. 10.1128\/JCM.39.1.183-190.2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"154_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/41.4.494","volume":"41","author":"GM Hogg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hogg GM, Barr JG, Webb CH: In-vitro activity of the combination of colistin and rifampicin against multidrug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1998, 41: 494-495. 10.1093\/jac\/41.4.494","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf044","volume":"49","author":"K Miller","year":"2002","unstructured":"Miller K, O'Neill AJ, Chopra I: Response of Escherichia coli hypermutators to selection pressure with antimicrobial agents from different classes. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002, 49: 925-934. 10.1093\/jac\/dkf044","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1086\/374937","volume":"187","author":"AL Prunier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Prunier AL, Malbruny B, Laurans M, Brouard J, Duhamel JF, Leclercq R: High rate of macrolide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains from patients with cystic fibrosis reveals high proportions of hypermutable strains. J Infect Dis. 2003, 187: 1709-1716. 10.1086\/374937","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"154_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.12.3375-3380.2001","volume":"45","author":"S Magnet","year":"2001","unstructured":"Magnet S, Courvalin P, Lambert T: Resistance-nodulation-cell division-type efflux pump involved in aminoglycoside resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii strain BM4454. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001, 45: 3375-3380. 10.1128\/AAC.45.12.3375-3380.2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.06.027","volume":"33","author":"L Lin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lin L, Ling BD, Li XZ: Distribution of the multidrug efflux pump genes, adeABC, adeDE and adeIJK, and class 1 integron genes in multiple-antimicrobial-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii-Acinetobacter calcoaceticus complex. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009, 33: 27-32. 10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.06.027","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"154_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46433-0","volume":"55","author":"YW Chu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chu YW, Chau SL, Houang ET: Presence of active efflux systems AdeABC, AdeDE and AdeXYZ in different Acinetobacter genomic DNA groups. J Med Microbiol. 2006, 55: 477-478. 10.1099\/jmm.0.46433-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"154_CR40","volume-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents","author":"JM Entenza","year":"2009","unstructured":"Entenza JM, Moreillon P: Tigecycline in combination with other antimicrobials: a review of in vitro, animal and case report studies. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009."},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"154_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1086\/431674","volume":"41","author":"AK Meagher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meagher AK, Ambrose PG, Grasela TH, Ellis-Grosse EJ: The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of tigecycline. Clin Infect Dis. 2005, 41 (Suppl 5): 333-340. 10.1086\/431674.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"154_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl403","volume":"58","author":"KA Rodvold","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rodvold KA, Gotfried MH, Cwik M, Korth-Bradley JM, Dukart G, Ellis-Grosse EJ: Serum, tissue and body fluid concentrations of tigecycline after a single 100 mg dose. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006, 58: 1221-1229. 10.1093\/jac\/dkl403","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"154_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(09)70005-6","volume":"32","author":"LR Peterson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peterson LR: A review of tigecycline \u2013 the first glycylcycline. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008, 32 (Suppl 4): 215-222. 10.1016\/S0924-8579(09)70005-6.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"154_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2006.07.006","volume":"90","author":"BA Cunha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cunha BA: New uses for older antibiotics: nitrofurantoin, amikacin, colistin, polymyxin B, doxycycline, and minocycline revisited. Med Clin North Am. 2006, 90: 1089-1107. 10.1016\/j.mcna.2006.07.006","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"154_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2007.09.017","volume":"60","author":"J Cobo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cobo J, Morosini MI, Pintado V, Tato M, Samaranch N, Baquero F, Cant\u00f3n R: Use of tigecycline for the treatment of prolonged bacteremia due to a multiresistant VIM-1 and SHV-12 beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae epidemic clone. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008, 60: 319-322. 10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2007.09.017","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"154_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47286-0","volume":"56","author":"M Stanzani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stanzani M, Tumietto F, Giannini MB, Bianchi G, Nanetti A, Vianelli N, Arpinati M, Giovannini M, Bonifazi F, Bandini G, Baccarani M: Successful treatment of multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa osteomyelitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with a combination of colistin and tigecycline. J Med Microbiol. 2007, 56: 1692-1695. 10.1099\/jmm.0.47286-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"154_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.07.007","volume":"30","author":"MF Tripodi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tripodi MF, Durante-Mangoni E, Fortunato R, Utili R, Zarrilli R: Comparative activities of colistin, rifampicin, imipenem and sulbactam\/ampicillin alone or in combination against epidemic multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates producing OXA-58 carbapenemases. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007, 30: 537-540. 10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.07.007","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"154_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2005.10.012","volume":"27","author":"F Timurkaynak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Timurkaynak F, Can F, Azap OK, Demirbilek M, Arslan H, Karaman SO: In vitro activities of non-traditional antimicrobials alone or in combination against multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from intensive care units. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2006, 27: 224-228. 10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2005.10.012","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"154_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2004.16.3.282","volume":"16","author":"C Tascini","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tascini C, Gemignani G, Ferranti S, Tagliaferri E, Leonildi A, Lucarini A, Menichetti F: Microbiological activity and clinical efficacy of a colistin and rifampin combination in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. J Chemother. 2004, 16: 282-287.","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(02)00443-1","volume":"44","author":"EJ Giamarellos-Bourboulis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Karnesis L, Giamarellou H: Synergy of colistin with rifampin and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole on multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002, 44: 259-263. 10.1016\/S0732-8893(02)00443-1","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"154_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.10.013","volume":"57","author":"DJ Hoban","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hoban DJ, Bouchillon SK, Dowzicky MJ: Antimicrobial susceptibility of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii throughout the United States and comparative in vitro activity of tigecycline, a new glycylcycline antimicrobial. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007, 57: 423-428. 10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.10.013","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"154_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3478","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.12.3478-3480.2000","volume":"44","author":"HF Geerdes-Fenge","year":"2000","unstructured":"Geerdes-Fenge HF, Wiedersich A, Wagner S, Lehr KH, Koeppe P, Lode H: Levofloxacin pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities against five enterobacterial species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2000, 44: 3478-3480. 10.1128\/AAC.44.12.3478-3480.2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"154_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm058","volume":"59","author":"A Ruzin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ruzin A, Keeney D, Bradford PA: AdeABC multidrug efflux pump is associated with decreased susceptibility to tigecycline in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007, 59: 1001-1004. 10.1093\/jac\/dkm058","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1476-0711-8-18.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T22:40:00Z","timestamp":1630449600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ann-clinmicrob.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1476-0711-8-18"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-0711-8-18","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-0711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 February 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2009","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2009","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"18"}}