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The molecular etiology of PC is poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) tumor suppressor gene was inactivated by DNA methylation in five analyzed PCs, as determined by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing analyses. This was accompanied by accumulation of stabilized active nonphosphorylated \u03b2-catenin, strongly suggesting aberrant activation of the WNT\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway in these tumors. Treatment of a primary PC cell culture with the DNA hypomethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine, Dacogen(r)) induced APC expression, reduced active nonphosphorylated \u03b2-catenin, inhibited cell growth, and caused apoptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aberrant WNT\/\u03b2-catenin signaling by lost expression and DNA methylation of APC, and accumulation of active nonphosphorylated \u03b2-catenin was observed in the analyzed PCs. We suggest that adjuvant epigenetic therapy should be considered as an additional option in the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic parathyroid carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-9-294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,30]],"date-time":"2010-11-30T04:44:08Z","timestamp":1291092248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Aberrant WNT\/\u03b2-catenin signaling in parathyroid carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Svedlund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Aur\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Sundstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Dralle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"\u00c5kerstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peyman","family":"Bj\u00f6rklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Westin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"808_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01665308","volume":"15","author":"T Obara","year":"1991","unstructured":"Obara T, Fujimoto Y: Diagnosis and treatment of patients with parathyroid carcinoma: an update and review. 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