{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T20:17:42Z","timestamp":1784751462883,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids Health Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>HIV and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) may increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We assessed the early effects of cART on CVD risk markers in a population with presumed low CVD risk.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Adult patients (n=118) in Lusaka, Zambia were recruited at the time of initiation of cART for HIV\/AIDS. Cardiometabolic risk factors were measured before and 90\u2009days after starting cART. Participants were grouped according to cART regimens: Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine (n=58); Stavudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine (n=43); and \u2018other\u2019 (Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Efavirenz, Stavudine + Lamivudine + Efavirenz, Tenofovir + Emtricitabine + Efavirenz or Tenofovir + Emtricitabine + Nevirapine, n=17). ANOVA was used to test whether changes in cardiometabolic risk markers varied by cART regimen.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>From baseline to 90\u2009days after initiation of cART, the prevalence of low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (&lt;1.04\u2009mmol\/L for men and &lt;1.30\u2009mmol\/L for women) significantly decreased (78.8% vs. 34.8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) while elevated total cholesterol (TC \u22655.18\u2009mmol\/L, 5.1% vs. 11.9%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.03) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance \u22653.0 (1.7% vs. 17.0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) significantly increased. The prevalence of TC:HDL-c ratio \u22655.0 significantly decreased (44.9% vs. 6.8%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). These changes in cardiometabolic risk markers were independent of the cART regimen.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our results suggest that short-term cART is associated with a cardioprotective lipid profile in Zambia and a tendency towards insulin resistance regardless of the cART regimen.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511x-12-50","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,10]],"date-time":"2013-04-10T14:42:15Z","timestamp":1365604935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Cardiometabolic risk factors among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"James N","family":"Kiage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas C","family":"Heimburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher K","family":"Nyirenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa F","family":"Wellons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashwatee","family":"Bagchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin H","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R","family":"Koethe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna K","family":"Arnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmond K","family":"Kabagambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"864_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030218","volume":"349","author":"N Friis-Moller","year":"2003","unstructured":"Friis-Moller N, Sabin CA, Weber R, D\u2019Arminio Monforte A, El-Sadr WM, Reiss P, Thiebaut R, Morfeldt L, De Wit S, Pradier C: Combination antiretroviral therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction. 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