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Imipramine (IMIP) was used as the antidepressant reference substance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 7\u2009weeks of KO intake, both males and females treated with KO were significantly better in discriminating between the active and the inactive levers in the ALSAT from day 1 of training (p&lt;0.01). Both KO and IMIP prevented resignation\/depression on the third day in the UALST. Similarly, a shorter immobility time was observed for the KO and IMIP groups compared to the control in the FST (p&lt;0.001). These data support a robust antidepressant-like potential and beneficial cognitive effect of KO. Changes in expression of synaptic plasticity-related genes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were also investigated. mRNA for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (<jats:italic>Bdnf<\/jats:italic>) was specifically upregulated in the hippocampus of female rats receiving 7\u2009weeks of KO supplementation (p=0.04) and a similar trend was observed in males (p=0.08). Males also exhibited an increase in prefrontal cortex expression of<jats:italic>Arc<\/jats:italic>mRNA, a key protein in long-term synaptic plasticity (p=0.05). IMIP induced clear effects on several plasticity related genes including<jats:italic>Bdnf<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Arc.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that active components (eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and astaxanthin) in KO facilitate learning processes and provide antidepressant-like effects. Our findings also suggest that KO might work through different physiological mechanisms than IMIP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511x-12-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,25]],"date-time":"2013-01-25T13:16:16Z","timestamp":1359119776000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Enhanced cognitive function and antidepressant-like effects after krill oil supplementation in rats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Karin","family":"Wibrand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kjetil","family":"Berge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micha\u00ebl","family":"Messaoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Duffaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debabrata","family":"Panja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clive R","family":"Bramham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Burri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"852_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-416003-3.00013-5","volume":"65","author":"N Siriwardhana","year":"2012","unstructured":"Siriwardhana N, Kalupahana NS, Moustaid-Moussa N: Health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. 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