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This review summarises how apoE4 may be involved in the infection incidence and associated pathologies of specific infectious diseases, namely hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus disease and herpes simplex.<\/jats:p><jats:p>ApoE4 seems to be protective against chronic hepatitis C virus infection and retards fibrosis progression. In contrast apoE4 enhances the fusion rate of human immunodeficiency virus with target cell membranes, resulting in accelerated cell entry and faster disease progression. Its association with human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia remains controversial. Regarding herpes simplex virus infection, apoE4 intensifies virus latency and is associated with increased oxidative damage of the central nervous system, and there is some evidence that herpes simplex virus infection in combination with the apoE4 genotype may be associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. In addition to reviewing available data from human trials, evidence derived from a variety of cell culture and animal models are considered in this review in order to provide mechanistic insights into observed association between apoE4 genotype and viral disease infection and pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511x-9-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,2]],"date-time":"2010-03-02T19:19:52Z","timestamp":1267557592000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Apolipoprotein E genotype and hepatitis C, HIV and herpes simplex disease risk: a literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Inga","family":"Kuhlmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Marie","family":"Minihane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Huebbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almut","family":"Nebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Rimbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"257_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2005.11.003","volume":"45","author":"RF Itzhaki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Itzhaki RF, Wozniak MA: Herpes simplex virus type 1, apolipoprotein E, and cholesterol: a dangerous liaison in Alzheimer's disease and other disorders. 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