{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:04:34Z","timestamp":1791209074215,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Ultrasound"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The effect of age on common carotid artery diameter is unclear for varying atherosclerosis risk levels.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cross-sectional data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Limited Access Data set were used to estimate the association of age with B-mode ultrasound common carotid artery diameter for three atherosclerosis risk levels. Based on information from clinical examinations, B-mode ultrasounds, questionnaires, blood and other tests, participants were categorized into three groups: pre-existing disease (prevalent stroke and\/or coronary heart disease), high risk group (no pre-existing disease, but prevalent diabetes, hypertension, plaques\/shadowing, body mass index &gt;= 30, current smoking, or hyperlipidemia), and a low risk group (no pre-existing disease, no plaques\/shadowing, and no major elevated risk factors). Multivariable linear regression analyses modeled the common carotid artery diameter relationship with age.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Age was positively and significantly associated with common carotid artery diameter after risk factor adjustment in the overall sample, but age had a larger effect among persons with evidence of atherosclerosis (interaction p &lt; 0.05). Each year of older age was associated with 0.03 mm larger diameter\/year among persons with pre-existing disease, with 0.027 mm larger diameter\/year in the high risk group, but only 0.017 mm\/year among the low risk group. Results were qualitatively similar using plaques\/shadowing status to indicate atherosclerosis severity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The significant impact of age on common carotid artery diameter among low risk, middle-aged, black and white men and women suggests arterial remodelling may occur in the absence of identified risk factors. The significantly larger impact of age among persons with, compared to persons without identified atherosclerosis or its risk factors, suggests that arterial remodelling may be an indicator of exposure duration.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-4-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,4]],"date-time":"2006-01-04T07:13:53Z","timestamp":1136358833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Common carotid arterial interadventitial distance (diameter) as an indicator of the damaging effects of age and atherosclerosis, a cross-sectional study of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community Cohort Limited Access Data (ARICLAD), 1987\u201389"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Marsha L","family":"Eigenbrodt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoran","family":"Bursac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Couper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard E","family":"Tracy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory W","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick L","family":"Brancati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jawahar L","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"85_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009302","volume":"146","author":"LE Chambless","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chambless LE, Heiss G, Folsom AR, Rosamond W, Szklo M, Sharrett AR, Clegg LX: Association of coronary heart disease incidence with carotid arterial wall thickness and major risk factors: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987-1993. Am J Epidemiol. 1997, 146: 483-494.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"85_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2985","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000102044.27905.B5","volume":"34","author":"ML Bots","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bots ML, Evans GW, Riley WA, Grobbee DE: Carotid intima-media thickness measurements in intervention studies--design options, progression rates, and sample size considerations: a point of view. Stroke. 2003, 34: 2985-2994.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"85_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-4-199802150-00002","volume":"128","author":"HN Hodis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hodis HN, Mack WJ, LaBree L, Selzer RH, Liu C, Liu C, Azen SP: The role of carotid artery intima-media thickness in predicting clinical coronary events. Ann Intern Med. 1998, 128: 262-269.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"85_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1547","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.280.4.H1547","volume":"280","author":"X Lu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lu X, Zhao JB, Wang GR, Gregersen H, Kassab GS: Remodeling of the zero-stress state of femoral arteries in response to flow overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001, 280: H1547-H1559.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"85_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.10.2319","volume":"31","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Kohara K, Hiwada K: Association between risk factors for atherosclerosis and mechanical forces in carotid artery. Stroke. 2000, 31: 2319-2324.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"85_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.81.3.311","volume":"81","author":"JK Miyashiro","year":"1997","unstructured":"Miyashiro JK, Poppa V, Berk BC: Flow-induced vascular remodeling in the rat carotid artery diminishes with age. Circ Res. 1997, 81: 311-319.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"85_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.11.2012","volume":"27","author":"JF Polak","year":"1996","unstructured":"Polak JF, Kronmal RA, Tell GS, O'Leary DH, Savage PJ, Gardin JM, Rutan GH, Borhani NO: Compensatory increase in common carotid artery diameter: relation to blood pressure and artery intima-media thickness in older adults. Stroke. 1996, 27: 2012-2015.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"85_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0302.102610","volume":"105","author":"AP Burke","year":"2002","unstructured":"Burke AP, Kolodgie FD, Farb A, Weber D, Virmani R: Morphological predictors of arterial remodeling in coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2002, 105: 297-303.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"85_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000017265.52501.37","volume":"105","author":"PR Moreno","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moreno PR, Purushothaman KR, Fuster V, O'Connor WN: Intimomedial interface damage and adventitial inflammation is increased beneath disrupted atherosclerosis in the aorta: implications for plaque vulnerability. Circulation. 2002, 105: 2504-2511.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"85_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000087480.94275.97","volume":"108","author":"M Naghavi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E, Casscells W, Litovsky S, Rumberger J, Badimon JJ, Stefanadi C, Moreno P, Pasterkamp G, Fayad ZA, Stone PH, Waxman S, Willerson JT: From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient, a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part I. Circulation. 2003, 108: 1664-1672.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"85_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.6.1491","volume":"19","author":"S Kiechl","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kiechl S, Willeit J: The natural course of atherosclerosis. Part II: vascular remodeling. Bruneck Study Group. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999, 19: 1491-1498.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"85_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.6.1484","volume":"19","author":"S Kiechl","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kiechl S, Willeit J: The natural course of atherosclerosis: Part I: incidence and progression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999, 19: 1484-1490.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"85_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.4.1091","volume":"19","author":"A Schmidt-Trucksass","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schmidt-Trucksass A, Grathwohl D, Schmid A, Boragk R, Upmeier C, Keul J, Huonker M: Structural, functional, and hemodynamic changes of the common carotid artery with age in male subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999, 19: 1091-1097.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"85_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0802.104327","volume":"105","author":"AM Varnava","year":"2002","unstructured":"Varnava AM, Mills PG, Davies MJ: Relationship between coronary artery remodeling and plaque vulnerability. Circulation. 2002, 105: 939-943.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"85_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.1.34","volume":"26","author":"C Lemne","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lemne C, Jogestrand T, de Faire U: Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque in borderline hypertension. Stroke. 1995, 26: 34-39.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"85_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200406000-00001","volume":"327","author":"GK Kapuku","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kapuku GK, Treiber FA, Hartley B, Ludwig DA: Gender influences endothelial-dependent arterial dilatation via arterial size in youth. Am J Med Sci. 2004, 327: 305-309.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"85_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01649-7","volume":"38","author":"HA Silber","year":"2001","unstructured":"Silber HA, Bluemke DA, Ouyang P, Du YP, Post WS, Lima JAC: The relationship between vascular wall shear stress and flow-mediated dilation: endothelial function assessed by phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001, 38: 1859-1865.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"85_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.5.1141","volume":"92","author":"JR Crouse","year":"1995","unstructured":"Crouse JR, Craven TE, Hagaman AP, Bond MG: Association of coronary disease with segment-specific intimal-medial thickening of the extracranial carotid artery. Circulation. 1995, 92: 1141-1147.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"85_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.7.1354","volume":"25","author":"JR Crouse","year":"1994","unstructured":"Crouse JR, Goldbourt U, Evans G, Pinsky J, Sharrett AR, Sorlie P, Riley W, Heiss G: Arterial enlargement in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. In vivo quantification of carotid arterial enlargement. The ARIC Investigators. Stroke. 1994, 25: 1354-1359.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"85_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.4.654","volume":"27","author":"C Bonithon-Kopp","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bonithon-Kopp C, Touboul PJ, Berr C, Magne C, Ducimetiere P: Factors of carotid arterial enlargement in a population aged 59 to 71 years: the EVA study. Stroke. 1996, 27: 654-660.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"85_CR21","first-page":"1018","volume":"112","author":"S Glagov","year":"1988","unstructured":"Glagov S, Zarins C, Giddens DP, Ku DN: Hemodynamics and atherosclerosis. Insights and perspectives gained from studies of human arteries. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1988, 112: 1018-1031.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"85_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(98)00135-4","volume":"176","author":"N Labropoulos","year":"1998","unstructured":"Labropoulos N, Zarge J, Mansour MA, Kang SS, Baker WH: Compensatory arterial enlargement is a common pathobiologic response in early atherosclerosis. Am J Surg. 1998, 176: 140-143.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"85_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000120376.09047.fe","volume":"24","author":"G Pasterkamp","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pasterkamp G, Galis ZS, Kleijn DPV: Expansive arterial remodeling: location, location, location. Arterioscl Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004, 24: 650-657.","journal-title":"Arterioscl Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"85_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115184","volume":"129","author":"ARIC Investigators","year":"1989","unstructured":", : The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: design and objectives. Am J Epidemiol. 1989, 129: 687-702.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"85_CR25","unstructured":"National Heart LBI: http:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/resources\/deca\/policy.htm."},{"key":"85_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199816110-00003","volume":"16","author":"AR Folsom","year":"1998","unstructured":"Folsom AR, Peacock JM, Nieto FJ, Rosamond W, Eigenbrodt ML, Davis CE, Wu KK: Plasma fibrinogen and incident hypertension in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. J Hypertens. 1998, 16: 1579-1583.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"85_CR27","unstructured":"National Heart LBI: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Operations manual no. 6A:ultrasound assessment--part A, ultrasound scanning, Version 1.0. Chapel Hill, NC, ARIC Coordinating Center, School of Public Health University of North Carolina"},{"key":"85_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.12.2377","volume":"25","author":"R Li","year":"1994","unstructured":"Li R, Duncan BB, Metcalf PA, Crouse JR, Sharrett AR, Tyroler HA, Barnes R, Heiss G: B-mode-detected carotid artery plaque in a general population. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators. Stroke. 1994, 25: 2377-2383.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"85_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.1.69","volume":"27","author":"JR Crouse","year":"1996","unstructured":"Crouse JR, Goldbourt U, Evans G, Pinsky J, Sharrett AR, Sorlie P, Riley W, Heiss G: Risk factors and segment-specific carotid arterial enlargement in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Stroke. 1996, 27: 69-75.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"85_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.10.2307","volume":"31","author":"ML Eigenbrodt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Eigenbrodt ML, Rose KM, Couper DJ, Arnett DK, Smith R, Jones D: Orthostatic hypotension as a risk factor for stroke. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987-1996. Stroke. 2000, 31: 2307-2313.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"85_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009019","volume":"144","author":"JF Toole","year":"1996","unstructured":"Toole JF, Lefkowitz DS, Chambless LE, Wijnberg L, Paton CC, Heiss G: Self-reported transient ischemic attack and stroke symptoms: methods and baseline prevalence. The ARIC Study, 1987-1989. Am J Epidemiol. 1996, 144: 849-856.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"85_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198705283162204","volume":"316","author":"S Glagov","year":"1987","unstructured":"Glagov S, Weisenberg E, Zarins CK, Stankunavicius R, Kolettis GJ: Compensatory enlargement of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N Eng J Med. 1987, 316: 1371-1375.","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"key":"85_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560","volume":"289","author":"AV Chobanian","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT, Roccella EJ: The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. JAMA. 2003, 289: 2560-2572.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"85_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.10.2506","volume":"27","author":"A Iannuzzi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Iannuzzi A, Licenziati MR, Acampora C, Salvatore V, Auriemma L, Romano ML, Panico S, Rubba P, Trevisan M: Increased carotid intima media thickness and stiffness in obese children. Diabetes Care. 2004, 27: 2506-2508.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"85_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2712","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000018121.67607.CE","volume":"105","author":"HC McGill","year":"2002","unstructured":"McGill HC, McMahan CA, Herderick EE, Zieske AW, Malcom GT, Tracy RE, Strong JP: Obesity accelerates the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in young men. Circulation. 2002, 105: 2712-2718.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"85_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000090360.78539.CD","volume":"42","author":"RP Wildman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wildman RP, Mackey RH, Bostom A, Thompson T, Sutton-Tyrrell K: Measures of obesity are associated with vascular stiffness in young and older adults. Hypertension. 2003, 42: 468-473.","journal-title":"Hypertension"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Ultrasound"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1476-7120-4-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1476-7120-4-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1476-7120-4-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1476-7120-4-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T22:52:23Z","timestamp":1630450343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cardiovascularultrasound.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1476-7120-4-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["85"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-7120-4-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-7120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-7120","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 September 2005","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2006","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2006","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"1"}}