{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T14:33:54Z","timestamp":1777127634850,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,2]],"date-time":"2005-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107302400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,2]],"date-time":"2005-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Mol Allergy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>A circadian rhythm of symptoms has been reported in allergic rhinitis and some studies have shown the dosing time of antihistamines to be of importance for optimizing symptom relief in this disease. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of morning vs. evening dosing of the antihistamine desloratadine at different time points during the day.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Patients \u2265 18 years, with seasonal allergic rhinitis received desloratadine 5 mg orally once daily in the morning (AM-group) or evening (PM-group) for two weeks. Rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, sneezing and eye symptoms were scored morning and evening. Wilcoxon rank sum and 2-way ANOVA test were used.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Six-hundred and sixty-three patients were randomized; 336 in the AM-group; 327 in the PM-group. No statistically significant differences were seen between the AM and PM group at any time points. In the sub-groups with higher morning or evening total symptom score no difference in treatment efficacy was seen whether the dose was taken 12 or 24 hours before the higher score time. There was a circadian variation in baseline total symptom score; highest during daytime and lowest at night. The circadian variation in symptoms was reduced during treatment. This reduction was highest for daytime symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>A circadian rhythm was seen for most symptoms being more pronounced during daytime. This was less apparent after treatment with desloratadine. No statistically significant difference in efficacy was seen whether desloratadine was given in the morning or in the evening. This gives the patients more flexibility in choosing dosing time.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7961-3-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,2]],"date-time":"2005-02-02T07:25:12Z","timestamp":1107329112000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Morning versus evening dosing of desloratadine in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled study [ISRCTN23032971]."],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Rolf","family":"Haye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kjetil","family":"H\u00f8ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olof","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sissel","family":"Fr\u00f8nes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tone","family":"\u00d8deg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"15_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)80040-1","volume":"99","author":"RA Nathan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nathan RA, Meltzer EO, Selner JC, Storms W: Prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the United States.\n                           J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997, 99: 808-814.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"15_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1185\/03007997309111700","volume":"1","author":"PA Nicholson","year":"1973","unstructured":"Nicholson PA, Bogie W: Diurnal variation in the symptoms of hay fever: implications for pharmaceutical development.\n                           Curr Med Res Opin. 1973, 1: 395-400.","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"15_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90220-5","volume":"81","author":"A Reinberg","year":"1988","unstructured":"Reinberg A, Gervais P, Levi F, Smolensky M, Del Cerro L, Ugolini C: Circadian and circannual rhythms of allergic rhinitis: an epidemiologic study involving chronobiologic methods.\n                           J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1988, 81: 51-62.","journal-title":"J Allergy 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Reinberg","year":"1984","unstructured":"Reinberg A, Levi F, Fourtillan JP, Pfeiffer C, Bichakova-Rocher A, Nocolai A: Antihistamine and other effects of 5 mg mequitazine vary between morning and evening acute administration.\n                           Annu Rev Chronopharmacol. 1984, 1: 57-60.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Chronopharmacol"},{"key":"15_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00560457","volume":"14","author":"A Reinberg","year":"1978","unstructured":"Reinberg A, Levi F, Guillet P, Burke JT, Nikolai A: Chronopharmacological study of antihistamines in man with special references to Terfenadine.\n                           Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1978, 14: 245-252. 10.1007\/BF00560457","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"15_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1053\/sper.2000.8595","volume":"24","author":"B Lemmer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lemmer B: Relevance for chronopharmacology in practical 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