{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:22:43Z","timestamp":1767846163782,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Harm Reduct J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To examine the predictors of continued drug- and sex-related HIV-risk behaviors among drug users in methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) programs in China.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We followed a sample of 5,035 drug users enrolled for the first time in MMT programs at baseline, 6\u00a0months, and 12\u00a0months utilizing a longitudinal prospective study design. Drug users\u2019 HIV-risk behaviors, MMT characteristics, and drug use, were assessed at all three waves using a structured interview and HIV\/HCV status was assessed at baseline and 12-month follow-up using biological specimens.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The point prevalence of HIV was 7.6% and 78.4% for HCV at baseline. Results of generalized linear mixed logistic regression models revealed that HIV-positive MMT clients were more likely to engage in drug injection (aOR\u2009=\u20091.70) and syringe sharing (aOR\u2009=\u20094.73). HCV-positive clients were more likely to inject drugs (aOR\u2009=\u20092.58), share syringes (aOR\u2009=\u20091.97), and have multiple sexual partners (aOR\u2009=\u20091.47). Adherence to MMT was the most significant predictor of reduced HIV-risk behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our data confirmed the positive effects of MMT on HIV prevention and underscored the urgency for programs to reduce HIV risk in HIV- and HCV-positive clients. There is a pressing need to strengthen existing counseling services for HIV-positive drug users to reduce their drug-related risk behaviors and to provide counseling for HCV-positive drug users. Further studies are needed to explore interventions to address high dropout rates and low adherence among MMT clients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-10-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]],"date-time":"2013-10-11T15:58:50Z","timestamp":1381507130000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Predictors of continued HIV-risk behaviors among drug users in methadone maintenance therapy program in China\u2014A prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinghua","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian J","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"294_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18356\/94bbf1f4-en","volume-title":"World drug report 2012","author":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","year":"2012","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: World drug report 2012. 2012, Vienna: United Nations publication, Sales No. E.12.XI.1"},{"issue":"19","key":"294_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.648","volume":"300","author":"VP Dole","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dole VP, Nyswander M: Methadone maintenance 4 decades later thousands of lives saved but still controversial. 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