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Currently, Afghanistan produces three-quarters of the global opium supply, with injection drug use and HIV currently following the opium trade route through Central Asia. Although systematic studies are lacking, heroin use appears to be on the rise in Afghanistan. The purpose of this paper is to briefly provide historical background and current statistics for drug production and use in Afghanistan, to discuss the new government's policies towards problem drug use and available rehabilitation programs, and to assess Afghan harm reduction needs with consideration of regional trends.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-2-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,7]],"date-time":"2005-09-07T18:13:51Z","timestamp":1126116831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Drug use and harm reduction in Afghanistan"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Catherine S","family":"Todd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naqibullah","family":"Safi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffanie A","family":"Strathdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"23_CR1","unstructured":"United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): Iran: HIV\/AIDS and Intravenous Drug Usage. 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