{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:17:36Z","timestamp":1790813856966,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Biol Endocrinol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-2-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,24]],"date-time":"2004-04-24T06:21:36Z","timestamp":1082787696000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Intrauterine infection\/inflammation during pregnancy and offspring brain damages: Possible mechanisms involved"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Huleihel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hava","family":"Golan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mordechai","family":"Hallak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"142_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2779(200102)7:1<56::AID-MRDD1008>3.0.CO;2-A","volume":"7","author":"JJ Volpe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Volpe JJ: Perinatal brain injury: from pathogenesis to neuroprotection. Ment Retard Devel Disab Res Rev. 2001, 7: 56-64. 10.1002\/1098-2779(200102)7:1<56::AID-MRDD1008>3.0.CO;2-A.","journal-title":"Ment Retard Devel Disab Res Rev"},{"key":"142_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5576(02)00164-8","volume":"9","author":"R Berger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Berger R, Garnier Y, Jensen A: Perinatal brain damage: underlying mechanisms and neuroprotective strategies. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 2002, 9: 319-328. 10.1016\/S1071-5576(02)00164-8.","journal-title":"J Soc Gynecol Investig"},{"key":"142_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.11.1417","volume":"284","author":"YW Wu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wu YW, Colford JM: Chorioamnionitis as a risk factor for cerebral palsy: A meta-analysis. JAMA. 2000, 284: 1417-1424. 10.1001\/jama.284.11.1417.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"142_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4547(20001115)62:4<510::AID-JNR5>3.0.CO;2-F","volume":"62","author":"Y Pang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pang Y, Cai Z, Rhodes PG: Effects of lipopolysaccharide on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are mediated by astrocytes and microglia. J Neurosci Res. 2000, 62: 510-520. 10.1002\/1097-4547(20001115)62:4<510::AID-JNR5>3.3.CO;2-6.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"142_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5576(03)00150-3","volume":"10","author":"Y Garnier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Garnier Y, Coumans ABC, Jensen A, Hassart THM, Berger R: Infection-related perinatal brain injury: the pathogenic role of impaired fetal cardiovascular control. J Soc Gynecol Investing. 2003, 10: 450-459. 10.1016\/S1071-5576(03)00150-3.","journal-title":"J Soc Gynecol Investing"},{"key":"142_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.10011","volume":"8","author":"D Schendel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schendel D, Schuchat A, Thorsen P: Public health issues related to infectionand pregnancy and cerebral palsy. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2002, 8: 39-45. 10.1002\/mrdd.10011.","journal-title":"Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev"},{"key":"142_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(96)00007-X","volume":"49","author":"C Nyakas","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nyakas C, Buwalda B, Luiten PGM: Hypoxia and brain development. Prog Neurobiol. 1996, 49: 1-51.","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"142_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-70081-1_1","volume":"93","author":"M Rickmann","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rickmann M, Wolff JR: Prenatal oligenesis in the neopallium of the rat. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol. 1985, 93: 1-10.","journal-title":"Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol"},{"key":"142_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440150208","volume":"15","author":"M Sancho-Tello","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sancho-Tello M, Valles S, Montoliu C, Renau-Piqueras J, Guerri C: Developmental pattern of GFAP and vimentin gene expression in rat brain and radial glial cultures. Glia. 1995, 15: 157-166.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"142_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00236-C","volume":"69","author":"B Chamak","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chamak B, Dobbertin A, Mallat M: Immunohistochemical detection of thrombospondin in microglia in the developing rat brain. Neuroscience. 1995, 69: 177-187. 10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00236-C.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"142_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92471-X","volume":"346","author":"DJ Murphy","year":"1995","unstructured":"Murphy DJ, Sellers S, MacKenzie IZ, Yudkin PL, Johnson AM: Case-control study of antenatal and intrapartum risk factors for cerebral palsy in very preterm singleton babies. Lancet. 1995, 346: 1449-1454. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92471-X.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"142_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1996.tb15068.x","volume":"38","author":"V Zupan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zupan V, Gonzales P, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, Boithias C, d'Allest AM, Dehan M, Gabilan JC: Periventricular leukomalacia: risk factors revisited. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1996, 38: 1061-1067.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"142_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70485-X","volume":"176","author":"U Verma","year":"1997","unstructured":"Verma U, Tejani N, Klein S, Reale MR, Beneck D, Figueroa R, Visintainer P: Obstetric antecedents of intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia in the low-birth-weight neonate. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997, 176: 275-281.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"142_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(97)00135-8","volume":"75","author":"R Berger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Berger R, Bender S, Sefkow S, Klingm\u00fcller V, K\u00fcnzel W, Jensen A: Peri\/intraventricular haemorrhage: A cranial ultrasound study on 5286 neonates. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1997, 75: 191-203. 10.1016\/S0301-2115(97)00135-8.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"142_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199707000-00001","volume":"42","author":"O Dammann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dammann O, Leviton A: Maternal intrauterine infection, cytokines, and brain damage in the preterm newborn. Pediatr Res. 1997, 42: 1-8.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"142_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.104207","volume":"182","author":"BH Yoon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yoon BH, Romero R, Park JS, Kim CJ, Kim SH, Choi JH, Han TR: Fetal exposure to an intra-amniotic inflammation and the development of cerebral palsy at the age of three years. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000, 182: 675-681.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"142_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(76)90060-5","volume":"27","author":"FH Gilles","year":"1976","unstructured":"Gilles FH, Leviton A, Kerr CS: Endotoxin leucoencephalopathy in the telencephalon of the newborn kitten. J Neurol Sci. 1976, 27: 183-191. 10.1016\/0022-510X(76)90060-5.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"142_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198305000-00008","volume":"17","author":"RS Young","year":"1983","unstructured":"Young RS, Yagel SK, Towfighi J: Systemic and neuropathologic effects of E. coli endotoxin in neonatal dogs. Pediatr Res. 1983, 17: 349-353.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"142_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200006000-00009","volume":"47","author":"T Debillon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Debillon T, Gras-Leguen C, Verielle V, Winer N, Caillon J, Roze J-C, Gressens P: Interauterine infection induces programmed cell death in rabbit periventricular white matter. Pediatr Res. 2000, 47: 736-742.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"142_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70271-0","volume":"177","author":"BH Yoon","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yoon BH, Kim CJ, Romero R, Jun JK, Park KH, Choi ST, Chi JG: Experimentally induced intrauterine infection causes fetal brain white matter lesions in rabbits. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997, 177: 797-802.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"142_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1968.48.1.197","volume":"48","author":"RP Bunge","year":"1968","unstructured":"Bunge RP: Glial cells and the central myelin sheath. Physiol Rev. 1968, 48: 197-251.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"142_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1996.tb12142.x","volume":"38","author":"L Jacobson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jacobson L, Ek U, Fernell E, Flodmark O, Broberger U: Visual impairment in preterm children with periventricular leukomalacia-visual, cognitive and neuropediatric characteristics related to cerebral imaging. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1996, 38: 724-735.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"142_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19980415)52:2<230::AID-JNR11>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"52","author":"KD Baerwald","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baerwald KD, Popko B: Developing and mature oligodendrocytes respond differently to immune cytokine interferon-\u03b3. J Neurosci Res. 1998, 52: 230-239. 10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19980415)52:2<230::AID-JNR11>3.3.CO;2-P.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"142_CR24","first-page":"297","volume-title":"In: Pharmacology of cerebral ischemia","author":"MA Helfaer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Helfaer MA, Kirsch JR, Traystman RJ: Radical scavengers: Penetration into brain following ischemia and reperfusion. In: Pharmacology of cerebral ischemia. Edited by: Krieglstein J, Oberpichler-Schwenk H. 1994, Medpharm Scientific, Stuttgart, 297-309."},{"key":"142_CR25","first-page":"405","volume":"33","author":"C Palmer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Palmer C, Towfighi J, Roberts RL, Heitjan DF: Allopurinol administered after inducing hypoxia\/ischemia reduces brain injury in 7-day-old rats. Pediatr Res. 1993, 33: 405-411.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"142_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00414-9","volume":"763","author":"K Saito","year":"1997","unstructured":"Saito K, Packianathan S, Longo LD: Free radical-induced elevation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in developing rat brain slices. Brain Res. 1997, 763: 232-238. 10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00414-9.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"142_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1962.04210050022004","volume":"7","author":"BQ Banker","year":"1962","unstructured":"Banker BQ, Larroche JC: Periventricular leukomalacia of infancy. A form of neonatal anoxic encephalopathy. Arch Neurol. 1962, 7: 386-610.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"142_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1990.0121","volume":"328","author":"WL Maxwell","year":"1990","unstructured":"Maxwell WL, Follows R, Ashhurst DE, Berry M: The response of the cerebral hemisphere of the rat to injury: I. The mature rat. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Biol Sci. 1990, 328: 479-500.","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond Biol Sci"},{"key":"142_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-02-00846.1994","volume":"14","author":"V Balasingam","year":"1994","unstructured":"Balasingam V, Tejada-Berges T, Wright E, Bouchova R, Yong VW: Reactive astrogliosis in the neonatal mouse brain and its modulation by cytokines. J Neurosci. 1994, 14: 846-856.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"142_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(97)00041-6","volume":"16","author":"K Deguchi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Deguchi K, Oguchi K, Takashima S: Characteristic neuropathology of leukomalacia in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatr Neurol. 1997, 16: 296-300. 10.1016\/S0887-8994(97)00041-6.","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"142_CR31","first-page":"248A","volume":"8","author":"B Feldhaus","year":"2001","unstructured":"Feldhaus B, Dietzel ID, Berger R: TNF-a induces cell death in primary cultures of oligodendrocyte progenitors. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 2001, 8: 248A-","journal-title":"J Soc Gynecol Investig"},{"key":"142_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200001000-00013","volume":"47","author":"Z Cai","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cai Z, Pan ZO, Pang Y, Evans OB, Rhodes PG: Cytokine induction in fetal rat brains and brain injury in neonatal rats after maternal lipopoysacharide administration. Pediatr Res. 2000, 47: 64-72.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"142_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000111642","volume":"14","author":"JE Merrill","year":"1992","unstructured":"Merrill JE: Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 and related cytokines in brain development: normal and pathological. Dev Neurosci. 1992, 14: 1-10.","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"142_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1159\/000112150","volume":"13","author":"JE Merrill","year":"1991","unstructured":"Merrill JE: The effects of IL-1 and TNF alpha on astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and glial precursors in vitro. Dev Neurosci. 1991, 13: 130-137.","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"142_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-02-00709.1988","volume":"8","author":"D Giulian","year":"1988","unstructured":"Giulian D, Young DG, Woodward J, Brown DC, Lachman LB: Interleukin-1 is an astroglial growth factor in developing nervous system. J Neurosci. 1988, 8: 709-714.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"142_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70206-0","volume":"177","author":"BH Yoon","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yoon BH, Romero R, Kim CJ, Koo JN, Choe G, Syn HC, Chi JG: High expression of tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6 in periventricular leukomalacia. Am J Obstet Gynocol. 1997, 177: 406-411.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynocol"},{"key":"142_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70432-0","volume":"177","author":"BH Yoon","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yoon BH, Jun JK, Romero R, Park KH, Gomez R, Choi J-H, Kim I-O: Amniotic fluid inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-1\u03b2, and tumor necrosis factor-a), neonatal brain white matter lesions, and cerebral palsy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997, 177: 19-26.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"142_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(92)90823-P","volume":"148","author":"P Megyeri","year":"1992","unstructured":"Megyeri P, Abraham CS, Temesvari P, Kovacs J, Vas T, Speer CP: Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha constricts pial arterioles and increases blood-brain barrier permeability in newborn piglets. Neurosci Lett. 1992, 148: 137-140. 10.1016\/0304-3940(92)90823-P.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"142_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199705000-00002","volume":"17","author":"H Uno","year":"1997","unstructured":"Uno H, Matsuyama T, Akita H, Nishimura H, Sugita M: Induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the mouse hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1997, 17: 491-499. 10.1097\/00004647-199705000-00002.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"142_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117755","volume":"95","author":"J Tureen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tureen J: Effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha on cerebral oxygen uptake, cerebrospinal fluid lactate, and cerebral blood flow in the rabbit: Role of nitric oxide. J Clin Invest. 1995, 95: 1086-1091.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"142_CR41","first-page":"474","volume":"44","author":"A Duchini","year":"1996","unstructured":"Duchini A, Govindarajan S, Santucci M, Zampi G, Hofman FM: Effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 on fluid-phase permeability and ammonia diffusion in CNS-derived endothelial cells. J Investig Med. 1996, 44: 474-482.","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"key":"142_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03402126","volume":"5","author":"GI Botchkina","year":"1999","unstructured":"Botchkina GI, Geimonen E, Bilof ML, Villarreal O, Tracey KJ: Loss of NF-kappaB activity during cerebral ischemia and TNF cytotoxicity. Mol Med. 1999, 5: 372-381.","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"142_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10423","volume":"70","author":"MJ Bell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bell MJ, Hallenbeck JM: Effects of intrauterine inflammation on developing rat brain. J Neurosci Res. 2002, 70: 570-579. 10.1002\/jnr.10423.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"142_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02178-8","volume":"864","author":"W Cammer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cammer W: Effects of TNF-a on immature and mature oligodendrocytes and their progenitors in vitro. Brain Res. 2000, 864: 213-219. 10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02178-8.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"142_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0730605.x","volume":"73","author":"U Ladiwala","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ladiwala U, Hewei L, Antel J, Nalbantoglu J: p53 induction by tumor necrosis factor -a and involvement of p53 in cell death of human oligodendrocytes. J Neurochem. 1999, 73: 605-611. 10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0730605.x.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"142_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200010000-00018","volume":"48","author":"R Berger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Berger R, Garnier Y, Pfeiffer D, Jensen A: Lipopolysaccharides do not alter metabolic disturbances in hippocampal slices of fetal guinea pigs after oxygen-glucose deprivation. Pediatr Res. 2000, 48: 531-535.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"142_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10809","volume":"55","author":"T Kaukola","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kaukola T, Satyaraj E, Patel DD, Tchernev VT, Grimwade BG, Kingsmore SF, Koskela P, Vainionpaa L, Pihko H, Aarimaa T, Hallman M: Cerebral palsy is characterized by protein mediators in cord serum. Ann Neurol. 2004, 55: 186-194. 10.1002\/ana.10809.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"142_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2011743","volume":"251","author":"RW Oppenheim","year":"1991","unstructured":"Oppenheim RW, Prevette D, Yin QW: Control of embryonic motoneuron survival in vivo by ciliary neurotrophic factor. Science. 1991, 251: 1616-1618.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"142_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-03-01542.1994","volume":"14","author":"B Knusel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Knusel B, Rabin SJ, Hefti F: Regulated neurotrophin receptor responsiveness during neuronal migration and early differentiation. J Neurosci. 1994, 14: 1542-1554.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"142_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5775","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-15-05775.2000","volume":"20","author":"BH Han","year":"2000","unstructured":"Han BH, Holtzman DM: BDNF protects the neonatal brain from hypoxic-ischemic injury in vivo via the ERK pathway. J Neurosci. 2000, 20: 5775-5781.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"142_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)01513-2","volume":"713","author":"PB Kirschner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kirschner PB, Jenkins BG, Schulz JB: NGF, BDNF and NT-5, but not NT-3 protect against MPP+ toxicity and oxidative stress in neonatal animals. Brain Res. 1996, 713: 178-185. 10.1016\/0006-8993(95)01513-2.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"142_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00053-8","volume":"29","author":"M Walton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Walton M, Connor B, Lawlor P, Young D, Sirimanne E, Gluckman P, Cole G, Dragunow M: Neuronal death and survival in two models of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999, 29: 137-168. 10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00053-8.","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"142_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(94)90151-1","volume":"35","author":"JP Schwartz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schwartz JP, Nishiyama N: Neurotrophic factor gene expression in astrocytes during development and following injury. Brain Res Bull. 1994, 35: 403-407. 10.1016\/0361-9230(94)90151-1.","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"142_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00995382","volume":"20","author":"H Kamiguchi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kamiguchi H, Yoshida K, Sagoh M, Sasaki H, Inaba M, Wakamoto H, Otani M, Toya S: Release of ciliary neurotrophic factor from cultured astrocytes and its modulation by cytokines. Neurochem Res. 1995, 20: 1187-1193.","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"142_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)63291-4","volume":"105","author":"MA Kahn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kahn MA, de Vellis J: Growth factors in the CNS and their effects on oligodendroglia. Prog Brain Res. 1995, 105: 145-169.","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"142_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199912)28:3<244::AID-GLIA8>3.0.CO;2-W","volume":"28","author":"M Heinrich","year":"1999","unstructured":"Heinrich M, Gorath M, Landsberg CR: Neurotrophin-3(NT-3) modulates early differentiation of oligodendrocytes in rat brain cortical culture. Glia. 1999, 28: 244-255. 10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(199912)28:3<244::AID-GLIA8>3.3.CO;2-N.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"142_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006493130855","volume":"50","author":"S Patan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Patan S: Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis as mechanisms of vascular network formation, growth and remodeling. J Neurooncol. 2000, 50: 1-15. 10.1023\/A:1006493130855.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"142_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.18.3941","volume":"127","author":"L Miquerol","year":"2000","unstructured":"Miquerol L, Langille BL, Nagy A: Embryonic development is disrupted by modest increases in vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression. Development. 2000, 127: 3941-3946.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"142_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/35025215","volume":"407","author":"GD Yancopoulos","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yancopoulos GD, Davis S, Gale NW, Rudge JS, Wiegand SJ, Holash J: Vascular-specific growth factors and blood vessel formation. Nature. 2000, 407: 242-248. 10.1038\/35025215.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"142_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(97)80047-1","volume":"18","author":"CM Taylor","year":"1997","unstructured":"Taylor CM, Stevens H, Anthony FW, Wheeler T: Influence of hypoxia on vascular endothelial growth factor-derived cell lines: JEG, Jar and BeWo. Placenta. 1997, 18: 451-458.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"142_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/332411a0","volume":"332","author":"M Yanagisawa","year":"1988","unstructured":"Yanagisawa M, Kurihara H, Kimura S, Tomobe Y, Kobayashi M, Mitsui Y, Yazaki Y, Goto K, Masaki T: A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature. 1988, 332: 411-415. 10.1038\/332411a0.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"142_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(89)90227-X","volume":"78","author":"Y Hirata","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hirata Y, Takagi Y, Fukuda Y, Marumo F: Endothelin is a potent mitogen for rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis. 1989, 78: 225-228.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"142_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S138","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199800001-00041","volume":"31","author":"M Shichiri","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shichiri M, Marumo F, Hirata Y: Endothelin-B receptor-mediated suppression of endothelial apoptosis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1998, 31: S138-S141. 10.1097\/00005344-199800001-00041.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"142_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114677","volume":"86","author":"ME Lee","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lee ME, de la Monte SM, Ng SC, Bloch KD, Quertermous T: Expression of the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin in the human central nervous system. J Clin Invest. 1990, 86: 141-147.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"142_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1210\/en.132.2.530","volume":"132","author":"S Nakamura","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nakamura S, Naruse M, Naruse K, Shioda S, Nakai Y, Uemura H: Colocalization of immunoreactive endothelin-1 and neurohypophysial hormones in the axons of the neural lobe of the rat pituitary. Endocrinology. 1993, 132: 530-533. 10.1210\/en.132.2.530.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"142_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(96)00063-9","volume":"51","author":"T Kuwaki","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kuwaki T, Kurihara H, Cao WH, Kurihara Y, Unekawa M, Yazaki Y, Kumada M: Physiological role of brain endothelin in the central autonomic control: from neuron to knockout mouse. Prog Neurobiol. 1997, 51: 545-579. 10.1016\/S0301-0082(96)00063-9.","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"142_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02915.x","volume":"22","author":"K Yamashita","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yamashita K, Kataoka Y, Yamashita YS, Himeno A, Tsutsumi K, Niwa M, Taniyama K: Glial endothelin\/nitric oxide system participates in hippocampus CA1 neuronal death of SHRSP following transient forebrain ischaemia. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1995, 22: S277-S278.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"142_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(94)90057-4","volume":"122","author":"WW Zhang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zhang WW, Badonic T, Hoog A, Jiang MH, Ma KC, Nie XJ, Olsson Y: Astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease express immunoreactivity to the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1. J Neurol Sci. 1994, 122: 90-96. 10.1016\/0022-510X(94)90057-4.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"142_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02920-2","volume":"981","author":"J Josko","year":"2003","unstructured":"Josko J: Cerebral angiogenesis and expression of VEGF after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. Brain Res. 2003, 981: 58-69. 10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02920-2.","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"142_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01401-0","volume":"22","author":"D Dirnagl","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dirnagl D, Iadecola C, Moskowitz MA: Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view. Trends Neurosci. 1999, 22: 391-397. 10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01401-0.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"142_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0041","volume":"6","author":"ZS Vexler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vexler ZS, Ferriero DM: Molecular and biochemical mechanisms of perinatal brain injury. Semin Neonatol. 2001, 6: 99-108. 10.1053\/siny.2001.0041.","journal-title":"Semin Neonatol"},{"key":"142_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(99)00061-3","volume":"35","author":"N Marks","year":"1999","unstructured":"Marks N, Berg MJ: Recent advances on neuronal caspases in development and neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int. 1999, 35: 195-220. 10.1016\/S0197-0186(99)00061-3.","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"142_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.1999.0275","volume":"7","author":"BH Han","year":"2000","unstructured":"Han BH, D'Costa A, Back SA, Parsadanian M, Shah AR, Gidday JM, Srinivasan A, Deshmukh M, Holtzman DM: BDNF blocks caspase-3 activation in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Neurobiol Dis. 2000, 7: 38-53. 10.1006\/nbdi.1999.0275.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"142_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2000.tb00239.x","volume":"10","author":"U Felderhoff-Mueser","year":"2000","unstructured":"Felderhoff-Mueser U, Taylor DL, Greenwood K, Kozma M, Stibenz D, Joashi UC, Edwards AD, Mehmet H: Fas\/CD95\/APO-1 can function as a death receptor for neuronal cells in vitro and in vivo and is upregulated following cerebral hypoxic-ischemic injury to the developing rat brain. Brain Pathol. 2000, 10: 17-29.","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"142_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01009-8","volume":"18","author":"JM Lipton","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lipton JM, Catania A: Anti-inflammatory actions of the neuroimsmunomodulator alpha-MSH. Immunol Today. 1997, 18: 140-145. 10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01009-8.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"142_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(00)00269-2","volume":"21","author":"BK Oktar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Oktar BK, Ercan F, Yegen BC, Alican I: The effect of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone on colonic inflammation in the rat. Peptides. 2000, 21: 1271-1277. 10.1016\/S0196-9781(00)00269-2.","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"142_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(96)00345-2","volume":"18","author":"N Rajora","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rajora N, Boccoli G, Catania A, Lipton JM: alpha-MSH modulates experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Peptides. 1997, 18: 381-385. 10.1016\/S0196-9781(96)00345-2.","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"142_CR78","first-page":"R1289","volume":"276","author":"S Taherzadeh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Taherzadeh S, Sharma S, Chhajlani V, Gantz I, Rajora N, Demitri MT, Kelly L, Zhao H, Ichiyama T, Catania A, Lipton JM: alpha-MSH and its receptors in regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by human monocyte\/macrophages. Am J Physiol. 1999, 276: R1289-1294.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"142_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s004030050330","volume":"290","author":"P Redondo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Redondo P, Garcia-Foncillas J, Okroujnov I, Bandres E: Alpha-MSH regulates interleukin-10 expression by human keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res. 1998, 290: 425-428. 10.1007\/s004030050330.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"142_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1089\/089771503321532833","volume":"20","author":"S Magnoni","year":"2003","unstructured":"Magnoni S, Stocchetti N, Colombo G, Carlin A, Colombo A, Lopton JM, Catania A: Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone is decreased in plasma of patients with acute brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2003, 20: 251-260. 10.1089\/089771503321532833.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"142_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1159\/000026335","volume":"5","author":"JM Lipton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lipton JM, Catania A, Delgado R: Peptide modulation of inflammatory processes Peptide modulation of inflammatory processes within the brain. Neuroimmunomodulation. 1998, 5: 178-83. 10.1159\/000026335.","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"142_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08313.x","volume":"856","author":"A Catania","year":"1998","unstructured":"Catania A, Lipton JM: Peptide modulation of fever and inflammation within the brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998, 856: 62-68.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"142_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09576.x","volume":"1","author":"JM Lipton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lipton JM, Catania A: Mechanisms of antiinflammatory action of the neuroimmunomodulatory peptide alpha-MSH. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998, 1: 373-380.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"142_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1159\/000097313","volume":"4","author":"KY Wong","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wong KY, Rajora N, Boccoli G, Catania A, Lipton JM: A potential mechanism of local anti-inflammatory action of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone within the brain: modulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by human astrocytic cells. Neuroimmunomodulation. 1997, 4: 37-41.","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"142_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.10005","volume":"8","author":"O Dammann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dammann O, Kuban KCK, Leviton A: Perinatal infection, fetal inflammatory response, white matter damage, and cognitive limitation in children born preterm. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2002, 8: 46-50. 10.1002\/mrdd.10005.","journal-title":"Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev"},{"key":"142_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1995.1013","volume":"9","author":"A Aubert","year":"1995","unstructured":"Aubert A, Vega C, Dantzer R, Goodall G: Pyrogens specifically disrupt the acquisition of a task involving cognitive processing in the rat. Brain Behav Immun. 1995, 9: 129-148. 10.1006\/brbi.1995.1013.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1477-7827-2-17.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T15:33:19Z","timestamp":1726241599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rbej.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1477-7827-2-17"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,22]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-7827-2-17","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-7827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 January 2004","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2004","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2004","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"17"}}