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The present study was carried out in order to characterize the expression of a novel<jats:italic>Pate<\/jats:italic>(<jats:underline>p<\/jats:underline>rostate<jats:underline>a<\/jats:underline>nd<jats:underline>t<\/jats:underline>estis<jats:underline>e<\/jats:underline>xpression) gene family, coding for secreted cysteine-rich proteins, in the epididymis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Murine genome databases were searched and sequence comparisons were performed to identify members of the<jats:italic>Pate<\/jats:italic>gene family, and their expression profiles in several mouse tissues were characterized by RT-PCR. Alternate transcripts were identified by RT-PCR, sequencing and Northern hybridization. Also, to study the regulation of expression of<jats:italic>Pate<\/jats:italic>family genes by the testis, quantitative (q) RT-PCR analyses were performed to compare gene expression levels in the epididymides of intact mice, gonadectomized mice, and gonadectomized mice under testosterone replacement treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A revised family tree of<jats:italic>Pate<\/jats:italic>genes is presented, including a previously uncharacterized<jats:italic>Pate<\/jats:italic>gene named<jats:italic>Pate-X<\/jats:italic>, and the data revealed that<jats:italic>Acrv1<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Sslp1<\/jats:italic>should also be considered as members of the<jats:italic>Pate<\/jats:italic>family. Alternate splicing was observed for<jats:italic>Pate-X, Pate-C<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Pate-M<\/jats:italic>. All the<jats:italic>Pate<\/jats:italic>genes studied are predominantly expressed in the epididymis, whereas expression in the testis and prostate is notably lower. Loss of androgens and\/or testicular luminal factors was observed to affect the epididymal expression of several<jats:italic>Pate<\/jats:italic>genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have characterized a gene cluster consisting of at least 14 expressed<jats:italic>Pate<\/jats:italic>gene members, including<jats:italic>Acrv1, Sslp1<\/jats:italic>and a previously uncharacterized gene which we named<jats:italic>Pate-X<\/jats:italic>. The genes code for putatively secreted, cysteine-rich proteins with a TFP\/Ly-6\/uPAR domain. Members of the<jats:italic>Pate<\/jats:italic>gene cluster characterized are predominantly expressed in the murine epididymis, not in the testis or prostate, and are regulated by testicular factors. Similar proteins are present in venoms of several reptiles, and they are thought to mediate their effects by regulating certain ion channels, and are thus expected to have a clinical relevance in sperm maturation and epididymal infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-9-128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,27]],"date-time":"2011-09-27T06:39:08Z","timestamp":1317105548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Members of the murine Pate family are predominantly expressed in the epididymis in a segment-specific fashion and regulated by androgens and other testicular factors"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Heikki T","family":"Turunen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Sipil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dwi Ari","family":"Pujianto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasios E","family":"Damdimopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Bj\u00f6rkgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilpo","family":"Huhtaniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Poutanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"905_CR1","first-page":"163","volume":"53","author":"RC Jones","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jones RC: Evolution of the vertebrate epididymis. 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