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It is, thus, essential to develop new patient-derived, orthotopic models. Here we report the development and characterization of PCSD1 (Prostate Cancer San Diego 1), a novel patient-derived intra-femoral xenograft model of prostate bone metastatic cancer that recapitulates mixed osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>A femoral bone metastasis of prostate cancer was removed during hemiarthroplasty and transplanted into<jats:italic>Rag2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>-\/-<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup><jats:italic>;\u03b3<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:sup><jats:italic>-\/-<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>mice either intra-femorally or sub-cutaneously. Xenograft tumors that developed were analyzed for prostate cancer biomarker expression using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Osteoblastic, osteolytic and mixed lesion formation was measured using micro-computed tomography (microCT).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>PCSD1 cells isolated directly from the patient formed tumors in all mice that were transplanted intra-femorally or sub-cutaneously into<jats:italic>Rag2<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>-\/-<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup><jats:italic>;\u03b3<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><jats:sup><jats:italic>-\/-<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>mice. Xenograft tumors expressed human prostate specific antigen (PSA) in RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses. PCSD1 tumors also expressed AR, NKX3.1, Keratins 8 and 18, and AMACR. Histologic and microCT analyses revealed that intra-femoral PCSD1 xenograft tumors formed mixed osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions. PCSD1 tumors have been serially passaged in mice as xenografts intra-femorally or sub-cutaneously as well as grown in culture.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>PCSD1 xenografts tumors were characterized as advanced, luminal epithelial prostate cancer from a bone metastasis using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical biomarker analyses. PCSD1 intra-femoral xenografts formed mixed osteoblastic\/osteolytic lesions that closely resembled the bone lesions in the patient. PCSD1 is a new primary prostate cancer bone metastasis-derived xenograft model to study metastatic disease in the bone and to develop novel therapies for inhibiting prostate cancer growth in the bone-niche.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-9-185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,31]],"date-time":"2012-01-31T15:31:16Z","timestamp":1328023876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["A novel patient-derived intra-femoral xenograft model of bone metastatic prostate cancer that recapitulates mixed osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Omer","family":"Raheem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna A","family":"Kulidjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young B","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen M","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Goff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Leu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheldon R","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas A","family":"Cacalano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catriona HM","family":"Jamieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina AM","family":"Jamieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"966_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2011.67","volume":"8","author":"J Sturge","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sturge J, Caley MP, Waxman J: Bone metastasis in prostate cancer: emerging therapeutic strategies. 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