{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T22:49:38Z","timestamp":1768258178572,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanoscale Res Lett"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To date, only a few reports about studies on toxic effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) are available, and their results are often controversial. Three different cell lines (rainbow trout liver cells (RTL-W1), human adrenocortical carcinoma cells (T47Dluc), and human adrenocarcinoma cells (H295R)) were exposed to multiwalled carbon nanotubes, the antimicrobial agent triclocarban (TCC) as well as the mixture of both substances in a concentration range of 3.13 to 50 mg CNT\/L, 31.25 to 500 \u03bcg TCC\/L, and 3.13 to 50 mg CNT\/L\u2009+\u20091% TCC (percentage relative to carbon nanotubes concentration), respectively. Triclocarban is a high-production volume chemical that is widely used as an antimicrobial compound and is known for its toxicity, hydrophobicity, endocrine disruption, bioaccumulation potential, and environmental persistence. Carbon nanotubes are known to interact with hydrophobic organic compounds. Therefore, triclocarban was selected as a model substance to examine mixture toxicity in this study. The influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and triclocarban on various toxicological endpoints was specified: neither cytotoxicity nor endocrine disruption could be observed after exposure of the three cell lines to carbon nanotubes, but the nanomaterial caused intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in all cell types. For TCC on the other hand, cell vitality of 80% could be observed at a concentration of 2.1 mg\/L for treated RTL-W1 cells. A decrease of luciferase activity in the ER Calux assay at a triclocarban concentration of 125 \u03bcg\/L and higher was observed. This effect was less pronounced when multiwalled carbon nanotubes were present in the medium. Taken together, these results demonstrate that multiwalled carbon nanotubes induce the production of reactive oxygen species in RTL-W1, T47Dluc, and H295R cells, reveal no cytotoxicity, and reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of the biocide triclocarban.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276x-9-396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,15]],"date-time":"2014-08-15T18:27:49Z","timestamp":1408127269000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and triclocarban on several eukaryotic cell lines: elucidating cytotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and reactive oxygen species generation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sibylle X","family":"Maletz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henner","family":"Hollert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Sch\u00e4ffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna M","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2161_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/35102721","volume":"414","author":"P Ball","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ball P: Roll up for the revolution. Nature 2001, 414: 142\u2013144.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2161_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/423703a","volume":"423","author":"AB Dalton","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dalton AB, Collins S, Munoz E, Razal JM, Ebron VH, Ferraris JP, Coleman JN, Kim BG, Baughman RH: Super-tough carbon-nanotube fibres. Nature 2003, 423: 703\u2013703.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2161_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5843","DOI":"10.1021\/es8006904","volume":"42","author":"MS Mauter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mauter MS, Elimelech M: Environmental applications of carbon-based nanomaterials. Environ Sci Technol 2008, 42: 5843\u20135859.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2161_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.710","volume":"31","author":"EJ Petersen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Petersen EJ, Henry TB: Methodological considerations for testing the ecotoxicity of carbon nanotubes and fullerenes: review. Environ Toxicol Chem 2012, 31: 60\u201372.","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2161_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3487","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S26689","volume":"6","author":"H Haniu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haniu H, Saito N, Matsuda Y, Kim YA, Park KC, Tsukahara T, Usui Y, Aoki K, Shimizu M, Ogihara N, Hara K, Takanashi S, Okamoto M, Ishigaki N, Nakamura K, Kato H: Elucidation mechanism of different biological responses to multi-walled carbon nanotubes using four cell lines. Int J Nanomedicine 2011, 6: 3487\u20133497.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"2161_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-475-3","volume-title":"Oxidative Stress and Nanotechnology","author":"D Armstrong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Armstrong D, Bharali DJ, Armstrong D, Bharali DJ: Nanoparticles: toxicity, radicals, electron transfer, and antioxidants. In Oxidative Stress and Nanotechnology. Northern Algeria: Human Press; 2013:16\u201317."},{"key":"2161_CR7","unstructured":"EU - European Commission Recommendation on the definition of nanomaterial http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/environment\/chemicals\/nanotech\/faq\/definition_en.htm"},{"key":"2161_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.11.012","volume":"200","author":"T Thurnherr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thurnherr T, Brandenberger C, Fischer K, Diener L, Manser P, Maeder-Althaus X, Kaiser J-P, Krug HF, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Wick P: A comparison of acute and long-term effects of industrial multiwalled carbon nanotubes on human lung and immune cells in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2011, 200: 176\u2013186.","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.02.007","volume":"178","author":"BM Rotoli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rotoli BM, Bussolati O, Bianchi MG, Barilli A, Balasubramanian C, Bellucci S, Bergamaschi E: Non-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes alter the paracellular permeability of human airway epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2008, 178: 95\u2013102.","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00445-X","volume":"294","author":"S Foley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Foley S, Crowley C, Smaihi M, Bonfils C, Erlanger BF, Seta P, Larroque C: Cellular localisation of a water-soluble fullerene derivative. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002, 294: 116\u2013119.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2161_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1021\/nl048326j","volume":"4","author":"Q Lu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lu Q, Moore JM, Huang G, Mount AS, Rao AM, Larcom LL, Ke PC: RNA polymer translocation with single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nano Lett 2004, 4: 2473\u20132477.","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6850","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0486059","volume":"126","author":"NW Shi Kam","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shi Kam NW, Jessop TC, Wender PA, Dai H: Nanotube molecular transporters: internalization of carbon nanotube-protein conjugates into mammalian cells. J Am Chem Soc 2004, 126: 6850\u20136851.","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"2161_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-9-34","volume":"9","author":"A Schinwald","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schinwald A, Donaldson K: Use of back-scatter electron signals to visualise cell\/nanowires interactions in vitro and in vivo; frustrated phagocytosis of long fibres in macrophages and compartmentalisation in mesothelial cells in vivo. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012, 9: 34.","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"2161_CR14","first-page":"L698","volume":"289","author":"AA Shvedova","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shvedova AA, Kisin ER, Mercer R, Murray AR, Johnson VJ, Potapovich AI, Tyurina YY, Gorelik O, Arepalli S, Schwegler-Berry D: Unusual inflammatory and fibrogenic pulmonary responses to single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice. AJP Lung 2005, 289: L698-L708.","journal-title":"AJP Lung"},{"key":"2161_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P1","DOI":"10.1116\/1.3582324","volume":"6","author":"GM Stellaa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stellaa GM: Carbon nanotubes and pleural damage: perspectives of nanosafety in the light of asbestos experience. Biointerphases 2011, 6: P1-P17.","journal-title":"Biointerphases"},{"key":"2161_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2004.08.015","volume":"155","author":"D Cui","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cui D, Tian F, Ozkan CS, Wang M, Gao H: Effect of single wall carbon nanotubes on human HEK293 cells. Toxicol Lett 2005, 155: 73\u201385.","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1021\/es048729l","volume":"39","author":"G Jia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jia G, Wang H, Yan L, Wang X, Pei R, Yan T, Zhao Y, Guo X: Cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials: single-wall nanotube, multi-wall nanotube, and fullerene. Environ Sci Technol 2005, 39: 1378\u20131383.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2161_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2004.11.004","volume":"155","author":"NA Monteiro-Riviere","year":"2005","unstructured":"Monteiro-Riviere NA, Nemanich RJ, Inman AO, Wang YY, Riviere JE: Multi-walled carbon nanotube interactions with human epidermal keratinocytes. Toxicol Lett 2005, 155: 377\u2013384.","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1080\/713853956","volume":"66","author":"A Shvedova","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shvedova A, Castranova V, Kisin E, Schwegler-Berry D, Murray A, Gandelsman V, Maynard A, Baron P: Exposure to carbon nanotube material: assessment of nanotube cytotoxicity using human keratinocyte cells. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2003, 66: 1909\u20131926.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"2161_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfg228","volume":"77","author":"DB Warheit","year":"2004","unstructured":"Warheit DB, Laurence B, Reed KL, Roach D, Reynolds G, Webb T: Comparative pulmonary toxicity assessment of single-wall carbon nanotubes in rats. Toxicol Sci 2004, 77: 117\u2013125.","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2161_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370252809086","volume":"14","author":"PJ Borm","year":"2002","unstructured":"Borm PJ: Particle toxicology: from coal mining to nanotechnology. Inhalation Toxicol 2002, 14: 311\u2013324.","journal-title":"Inhalation Toxicol"},{"key":"2161_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/424246a","volume":"424","author":"G Brumfiel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brumfiel G: Nanotechnology: a little knowledge. Nature 2003, 424: 246\u2013248.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2161_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt875","volume":"21","author":"VL Colvin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Colvin VL: The potential environmental impact of engineered nanomaterials. Nat Biotechnol 2003, 21: 1166\u20131170.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2161_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2007.04.080","volume":"314","author":"S Gotovac","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gotovac S, Yang C-M, Hattori Y, Takahashi K, Kanoh H, Kaneko K: Adsorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons on single wall carbon nanotubes of different functionalities and diameters. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007, 314: 18\u201324.","journal-title":"J Colloid Interface Sci"},{"key":"2161_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1021\/ja003830l","volume":"123","author":"RQ Long","year":"2001","unstructured":"Long RQ, Yang RT: Carbon nanotubes as superior sorbent for dioxin removal. J Am Chem Soc 2001, 123: 2058\u20132059.","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"2161_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2006.05.076","volume":"138","author":"C Lu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lu C, Chung Y-L, Chang K-F: Adsorption thermodynamic and kinetic studies of trihalomethanes on multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Hazard Mater 2006, 138: 304\u2013310.","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"2161_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2614(03)00960-6","volume":"376","author":"X Peng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Peng X, Li Y, Luan Z, Di Z, Wang H, Tian B, Jia Z: Adsorption of 1,2-dichlorobenzene from water to carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 2003, 376: 154\u2013158.","journal-title":"Chem Phys Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.09.027","volume":"408","author":"VK Upadhyayula","year":"2009","unstructured":"Upadhyayula VK, Deng S, Mitchell MC, Smith GB: Application of carbon nanotube technology for removal of contaminants in drinking water: a review. Sci Total Environ 2009, 408: 1\u201313.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2161_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1021\/es052208w","volume":"40","author":"K Yang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yang K, Zhu L, Xing B: Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by carbon nanomaterials. Environ Sci Technol 2006, 40: 1855\u20131861.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2161_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6377","DOI":"10.1021\/es100874y","volume":"44","author":"S Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang S, Shao T, Kose HS, Karanfil T: Adsorption of aromatic compounds by carbonaceous adsorbents: a comparative study on granular activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, and carbon nanotubes. Environ Sci Technol 2010, 44: 6377\u20136383.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2161_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.724","volume":"31","author":"S Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang S, Shao T, Kose HS, Karanfil T: Adsorption kinetics of aromatic compounds on carbon nanotubes and activated carbons. Environ Toxicol Chem 2012, 31: 79\u201385.","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2161_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-005-7523-5","volume":"7","author":"N Savage","year":"2005","unstructured":"Savage N, Diallo MS: Nanomaterials and water purification: opportunities and challenges. J Nanopart Res 2005, 7: 331\u2013342.","journal-title":"J Nanopart Res"},{"key":"2161_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.06.044","volume":"62","author":"Z-C Di","year":"2006","unstructured":"Di Z-C, Ding J, Peng X-J, Li Y-H, Luan Z-K, Liang J: Chromium adsorption by aligned carbon nanotubes supported ceria nanoparticles. Chemosphere 2006, 62: 861\u2013865.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2161_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2004.11.004","volume":"39","author":"Y-H Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li Y-H, Di Z, Ding J, Wu D, Luan Z, Zhu Y: Adsorption thermodynamic, kinetic and desorption studies of Pb2+ on carbon nanotubes. Water Res 2005, 39: 605\u2013609.","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2161_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2006.12.006","volume":"58","author":"GP Rao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rao GP, Lu C, Su F: Sorption of divalent metal ions from aqueous solution by carbon nanotubes: a review. Sep Purif Technol 2007, 58: 224\u2013231.","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"key":"2161_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2004.05.090","volume":"59","author":"X Peng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Peng X, Luan Z, Ding J, Di Z, Li Y, Tian B: Ceria nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes for the removal of arsenate from water. Mater Lett 2005, 59: 399\u2013403.","journal-title":"Mater Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2008.01.047","volume":"321","author":"X Yan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yan X, Shi B, Lu J, Feng C, Wang D, Tang H: Adsorption and desorption of atrazine on carbon nanotubes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008, 321: 30\u201338.","journal-title":"J Colloid Interface Sci"},{"key":"2161_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2008.08.014","volume":"5","author":"T Akasaka","year":"2009","unstructured":"Akasaka T, Watari F: Capture of bacteria by flexible carbon nanotubes. Acta Biomater 2009, 5: 607\u2013612.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"2161_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2009.03.001","volume":"93","author":"J Deng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Deng J, Yu L, Liu C, Yu K, Shi X, Yeung LWY, Lam PKS, Wu RSS, Zhou B: Hexabromocyclododecane-induced developmental toxicity and apoptosis in zebrafish embryos. Aquat Toxicol 2009, 93: 29\u201336.","journal-title":"Aquat Toxicol"},{"key":"2161_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.09.023","volume":"43","author":"VK Upadhyayula","year":"2009","unstructured":"Upadhyayula VK, Deng S, Smith GB, Mitchell MC: Adsorption of Bacillus subtilis on single-walled carbon nanotube aggregates, activated carbon and NanoCeram\u2122. Water Res 2009, 43: 148\u2013156.","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2161_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200700863","volume":"4","author":"AS Brady\u2012Est\u00e9vez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brady\u2012Est\u00e9vez AS, Kang S, Elimelech M: A single\u2012walled\u2012carbon\u2012nanotube filter for removal of viral and bacterial pathogens. Small 2008, 4: 481\u2013484.","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2161_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2008.02.018","volume":"238","author":"S Mostafavi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mostafavi S, Mehrnia M, Rashidi A: Preparation of nanofilter from carbon nanotubes for application in virus removal from water. Desalination 2009, 238: 271\u2013280.","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"2161_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-14392008000300023","volume":"11","author":"EC Albuquerque J\u00fanior","year":"2008","unstructured":"Albuquerque J\u00fanior EC, M\u00e9ndez MOA, Coutinho AR, Franco TT: Removal of cyanobacteria toxins from drinking water by adsorption on activated carbon fibers. Mater Res 2008, 11: 371\u2013380.","journal-title":"Mater Res"},{"key":"2161_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.03.075","volume":"62","author":"H Yan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yan H, Gong A, He H, Zhou J, Wei Y, Lv L: Adsorption of microcystins by carbon nanotubes. Chemosphere 2006, 62: 142\u2013148.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2161_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4416","DOI":"10.1021\/es702916h","volume":"42","author":"H Hyung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hyung H, Kim J-H: Natural organic matter (NOM) adsorption to multi-walled carbon nanotubes: effect of NOM characteristics and water quality parameters. Environ Sci Technol 2008, 42: 4416\u20134421.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2161_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2007.07.036","volume":"58","author":"C Lu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lu C, Su F: Adsorption of natural organic matter by carbon nanotubes. Sep Purif Technol 2007, 58: 113\u2013121.","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"key":"2161_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7963","DOI":"10.1021\/es801251c","volume":"42","author":"NB Saleh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saleh NB, Pfefferle LD, Elimelech M: Aggregation kinetics of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in aquatic systems: measurements and environmental implications. Environ Sci Technol 2008, 42: 7963\u20137969.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2161_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2005.06.020","volume":"160","author":"M Bottini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bottini M, Bruckner S, Nika K, Bottini N, Bellucci S, Magrini A, Bergamaschi A, Mustelin T: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes induce T lymphocyte apoptosis. Toxicol Lett 2006, 160: 121\u2013126.","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1021\/nl051748o","volume":"5","author":"L Ding","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ding L, Stilwell J, Zhang T, Elboudwarej O, Jiang H, Selegue JP, Cooke PA, Gray JW, Chen FF: Molecular characterization of the cytotoxic mechanism of multiwall carbon nanotubes and nano-onions on human skin fibroblast. Nano Lett 2005, 5: 2448\u20132464.","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2006.11.001","volume":"168","author":"K Pulskamp","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pulskamp K, Diabat\u00e9 S, Krug HF: Carbon nanotubes show no sign of acute toxicity but induce intracellular reactive oxygen species in dependence on contaminants. Toxicol Lett 2007, 168: 58\u201374.","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2008.09.007","volume":"253","author":"A Simon-Deckers","year":"2008","unstructured":"Simon-Deckers A, Gouget B, Mayne-L\u2019Hermite M, Herlin-Boime N, Reynaud C, Carriere M: In vitro investigation of oxide nanoparticle and carbon nanotube toxicity and intracellular accumulation in A549 human pneumocytes. Toxicology 2008, 253: 137\u2013146.","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2161_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1897\/08-090.1","volume":"27","author":"SJ Klaine","year":"2008","unstructured":"Klaine SJ, Alvarez PJJ, Batley GE, Fernandes TF, Handy RD, Lyon DY, Mahendra S, McLaughlin MJ, Lead JR: Nanomaterials in the environment: behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2008, 27: 1825\u20131851.","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2161_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.11.018","volume":"82","author":"JM Brausch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brausch JM, Rand GM: A review of personal care products in the aquatic environment: environmental concentrations and toxicity. Chemosphere 2011, 82: 1518\u20131532.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2161_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11200","volume":"116","author":"KC Ahn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ahn KC, Zhao B, Chen J, Cherednichenko G, Sanmarti E, Denison MS, Lasley B, Pessah IN, K\u00fcltz D, Chang DPY: In vitro biologic activities of the antimicrobials triclocarban, its analogs, and triclosan in bioassay screens: receptor-based bioassay screens. Environ Health Perspect 2008, 116: 1203.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2161_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.251","volume":"29","author":"S Agyin-Birikorang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agyin-Birikorang S, Miller M, O\u2019Connor GA: Retention-release characteristics of triclocarban and triclosan in biosolids, soils, and biosolids-amended soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 2010, 29: 1925\u20131933.","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2161_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46P","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1180046P","volume":"118","author":"W Hamilton","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hamilton W: Membrane-active antibacterial compounds. Biochem J 1970, 118: 46P-47P.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2161_CR57","volume-title":"High Production Volume (HPV) Chemical Challenge Program Data Availability and Screening Level Assessment for Triclocarban","author":"TCC Consortium","year":"2002","unstructured":"TCC Consortium: High Production Volume (HPV) Chemical Challenge Program Data Availability and Screening Level Assessment for Triclocarban. CAS#: 101\u201320\u20132 2002 Report No 201\u201314186A; 2002. http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/hpv\/pubs\/summaries\/tricloca\/c14186tc.htm"},{"key":"2161_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3634","DOI":"10.1021\/es052245n","volume":"40","author":"J Heidler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heidler J, Sapkota A, Halden RU: Partitioning, persistence, and accumulation in digested sludge of the topical antiseptic triclocarban during wastewater treatment. Environ Sci Technol 2006, 40: 3634\u20133639.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2161_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.02.013","volume":"150","author":"G-G Ying","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ying G-G, Yu X-Y, Kookana RS: Biological degradation of triclocarban and triclosan in a soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and comparison with environmental fate modelling. Environ Pollut 2007, 150: 300\u2013305.","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2161_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-1688.2008.00284.x","volume":"45","author":"TE Chalew","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chalew TE, Halden RU: Environmental exposure of aquatic and terrestrial biota to triclosan and triclocarban1. J Am Water Resour As 2009, 45: 4\u201313.","journal-title":"J Am Water Resour As"},{"key":"2161_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2010.06.004","volume":"37","author":"BO Clarke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Clarke BO, Smith SR: Review of \u2019emerging\u2019 organic contaminants in biosolids and assessment of international research priorities for the agricultural use of biosolids. Environ Int 2011, 37: 226\u2013247.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2161_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.07.092","volume":"183","author":"TR Miller","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miller TR, Colquhoun DR, Halden RU: Identification of wastewater bacteria involved in the degradation of triclocarban and its non-chlorinated congener. J Hazard Mater 2010, 183: 766\u2013772.","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"2161_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1021\/es011055j","volume":"36","author":"DW Kolpin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Meyer MT, Thurman EM, Zaugg SD, Barber LB, Buxton HT: Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999\u20132000: a national reconnaissance. Environ Sci Technol 2002, 36: 1202\u20131211.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2161_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1021\/es049071e","volume":"39","author":"RU Halden","year":"2005","unstructured":"Halden RU, Paull DH: Co-occurrence of triclocarban and triclosan in US water resources. Environ Sci Technol 2005, 39: 1420\u20131426.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2161_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.12.027","volume":"67","author":"MA Coogan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coogan MA, Edziyie RE, La Point TW, Venables BJ: Algal bioaccumulation of triclocarban, triclosan, and methyl-triclosan in a North Texas wastewater treatment plant receiving stream. Chemosphere 2007, 67: 1911\u20131918.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2161_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2005.09.007","volume":"20","author":"P Darbre","year":"2006","unstructured":"Darbre P: Environmental oestrogens, cosmetics and breast cancer. Best Pract Res Cl En 2006, 20: 121\u2013143.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Cl En"},{"key":"2161_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1057","volume":"149","author":"J Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen J, Ahn KC, Gee NA, Ahmed MI, Duleba AJ, Zhao L, Gee SJ, Hammock BD, Lasley BL: Triclocarban enhances testosterone action: a new type of endocrine disruptor? Endocrinology 2008, 149: 1173\u20131179.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2161_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620190302","volume":"19","author":"H Hollert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hollert H, D\u00fcrr M, Erdinger L, Braunbeck T: Cytotoxicity of settling particulate matter (SPM) and sediments of the Neckar river (Germany) during a winter flood. Environ Toxicol Chem 2000, 19: 528\u2013534.","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2161_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1263(199905\/06)19:3<163::AID-JAT561>3.0.CO;2-H","volume":"19","author":"B Arechabala","year":"1999","unstructured":"Arechabala B, Coiffard C, Rivalland P, Coiffard L, Roeck\u2012Holtzhauer YD: Comparison of cytotoxicity of various surfactants tested on normal human fibroblast cultures using the neutral red test, MTT assay and LDH release. J Appl Toxicol 1999, 19: 163\u2013165.","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"2161_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-2333(88)90030-6","volume":"2","author":"E Borenfreund","year":"1988","unstructured":"Borenfreund E, Babich H, Martin-Alguacil N: Comparisons of two in vitro cytotoxicity assays\u2014the neutral red (NR) and tetrazolium MTT tests. Toxicol In Vitro 1988, 2: 1\u20136.","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"2161_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2005.07.001","volume":"160","author":"G Fotakis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fotakis G, Timbrell JA: In vitro cytotoxicity assays: comparison of LDH, neutral red, MTT and protein assay in hepatoma cell lines following exposure to cadmium chloride. Toxicol Lett 2006, 160: 171\u2013177.","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/48.1.55","volume":"48","author":"J Legler","year":"1999","unstructured":"Legler J, van den Brink CE, Brouwer A, Murk AJ, van der Saag PT, Vethaak AD, van der Burg B: Development of a stably transfected estrogen receptor-mediated luciferase reporter gene assay in the human T47D breast cancer cell line. Toxicol Sci 1999, 48: 55.","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2161_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-010-0396-x","volume":"18","author":"M Hecker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hecker M, Hollert H, Cooper R, Vinggaard AM, Akahori Y, Murphy M, Nellemann C, Higley E, Newsted J, Laskey J: The OECD validation program of the H295R steroidogenesis assay: phase 3. Final inter-laboratory validation study. Environ Sci Pollut R 2011, 18: 503\u2013515.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut R"},{"key":"2161_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1065\/espr2007.03.402","volume":"14","author":"M Hecker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hecker M, Hollert H, Cooper R, Vinggaard A-M, Akahori Y, Murphy M, Nellemann C, Higley E, Newsted J, Wu R: The OECD validation program of the H295R steroidogenesis assay for the identification of in vitro inhibitors and inducers of testosterone and estradiol production. Phase 2: inter-laboratory pre-validation studies. Environ Sci Pollut R 2007, 14: 23\u201330.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut R"},{"key":"2161_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-008-0011-6","volume":"15","author":"T Gracia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gracia T, Jones PD, Higley EB, Hilscherova K, Newsted JL, Murphy MB, Chan AK, Zhang X, Hecker M, Lam PK: Modulation of steroidogenesis by coastal waters and sewage effluents of Hong Kong, China, using the H295R assay. Environ Sci Pollut R Int 2008, 15: 332\u2013343.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut R Int"},{"key":"2161_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-009-0229-y","volume":"16","author":"M Hecker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hecker M, Hollert H: Effect-directed analysis (EDA) in aquatic ecotoxicology: state of the art and future challenges. Environ Sci Pollut R 2009, 16: 607\u2013613.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut R"},{"key":"2161_CR77","first-page":"339","volume":"21","author":"R Kase","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kase R, Kunz P, Gerhardt A: Identifikation geeigneter Nachweism\u00f6glichkeiten von hormonaktiven und reproduktionstoxischen Wirkungen in aquatischen \u00d6kosystemen. Umweltwiss Schadstoff-Forsch 2009, 21: 339\u2013378.","journal-title":"Umweltwiss Schadstoff-Forsch"},{"key":"2161_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1021\/es903899d","volume":"44","author":"FD Leusch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leusch FD, De Jager C, Levi Y, Lim R, Puijker L, Sacher F, Tremblay LA, Wilson VS, Chapman HF: Comparison of five in vitro bioassays to measure estrogenic activity in environmental waters. Environ Sci Technol 2010, 44: 3853\u20133860.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2161_CR79","first-page":"1","volume":"23","author":"M Hecker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hecker M, Hollert H: Endocrine disruptor screening: regulatory perspectives and needs. ESEU 2011, 23: 1\u201314.","journal-title":"ESEU"},{"key":"2161_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-010-0390-3","volume":"18","author":"S Grund","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grund S, Higley E, Sch\u00f6nenberger R, Suter MJ, Giesy JP, Braunbeck T, Hecker M, Hollert H: The endocrine disrupting potential of sediments from the Upper Danube River (Germany) as revealed by in vitro bioassays and chemical analysis. Environ Sci Pollut R 2011, 18: 446\u2013460.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut R"},{"key":"2161_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1021\/tx00026a012","volume":"5","author":"CP LeBel","year":"1992","unstructured":"LeBel CP, Ischiropoulos H, Bondy SC: Evaluation of the probe 2\u2032,7\u2032-dichlorofluorescin as an indicator of reactive oxygen species formation and oxidative stress. Chem Res Toxicol 1992, 5: 227\u2013231.","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"2161_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00755606","volume":"9","author":"LE Lee","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lee LE, Clemons JH, Bechtel DG, Caldwell SJ, Han K-B, Pasitschniak-Arts M, Mosser DD, Bols NC: Development and characterization of a rainbow trout liver cell line expressing cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activity. Cell Biol Toxicol 1993, 9: 279\u2013294.","journal-title":"Cell Biol Toxicol"},{"key":"2161_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02979645","volume":"11","author":"N Klee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Klee N, Gustavsson L, Kosmehl T, Engwall M, Erdinger L, Braunbeck T, Hollert H: Changes in toxicity and genotoxicity of industrial sewage sludge samples containing nitro- and amino-aromatic compounds following treatment in bioreactors with different oxygen regimes. Environ Sci Pollut R 2004, 11: 313\u2013320.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut R"},{"key":"2161_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.12.008","volume":"47","author":"S Maletz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maletz S, Floehr T, Beier S, Klumper C, Brouwer A, Behnisch P, Higley E, Giesy JP, Hecker M, Gebhardt W, Linnemann V, Pinnekamp J, Hollert H: In vitro characterization of the effectiveness of enhanced sewage treatment processes to eliminate endocrine activity of hospital effluents. Water Res 2013, 47: 1545\u20131557.","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"2161_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfh191","volume":"81","author":"K Hilscherova","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hilscherova K, Jones PD, Gracia T, Newsted JL, Zhang X, Sanderson J, Richard M, Wu RS, Giesy JP: Assessment of the effects of chemicals on the expression of ten steroidogenic genes in the H295R cell line using real-time PCR. Toxicol Sci 2004, 81: 78\u201389.","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2161_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01666038","volume":"9","author":"E Borenfreund","year":"1985","unstructured":"Borenfreund E, Puerner JA: A simple quantitative procedure using monolayer cultures for cytotoxicity assays (HTD\/NR-90). J Tissue Cult Methods 1985, 9: 7\u20139.","journal-title":"J Tissue Cult Methods"},{"key":"2161_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9778","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ee21623j","volume":"5","author":"S Heger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heger S, Bluhm K, Agler MT, Maletz S, Sch\u00e4ffer A, Seiler T-B, Angenent LT, Hollert H: Biotests for hazard assessment of biofuel fermentation. Energ Environ Sci 2012, 5: 9778\u20139788.","journal-title":"Energ Environ Sci"},{"key":"2161_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2010.11.010","volume":"25","author":"JY Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang JY, Sun PP, Bao YM, Liu JW, An LJ: Cytotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes on PC12 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011, 25: 242\u2013250.","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"2161_CR89","volume-title":"Procedure for determination of cell viability\/cytotoxicity using the MTT bioassay","author":"L Blaha","year":"2004","unstructured":"Blaha L, Hecker M, Murphy M, Jones P, Giesy JP: Procedure for determination of cell viability\/cytotoxicity using the MTT bioassay. Michigan: Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Michigan State University; 2004."},{"key":"2161_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","volume":"65","author":"T Mosmann","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mosmann T: Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 1983, 65: 55\u201363.","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"2161_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1897\/02-544","volume":"23","author":"CJ Houtman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Houtman CJ, Cenijn PH, Hamers T, Lamoree MH, Legler J, Murk AJ, Brouwer A: Toxicological profiling of sediments using in vitro bioassays, with emphasis on endocrine disruption. Environ Toxicol Chem 2004, 23: 32\u201340.","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"2161_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-009-9694-y","volume":"12","author":"S Barillet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barillet S, Simon-Deckers A, Herlin-Boime N, Mayne-L\u2019Hermite M, Reynaud C, Cassio D, Gouget B, Carriere M: Toxicological consequences of TiO2, SiC nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes exposure in several mammalian cell types: an in vitro study. J Nanopart Res 2010, 12: 61\u201373.","journal-title":"J Nanopart Res"},{"key":"2161_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20406","volume":"49","author":"NR Jacobsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jacobsen NR, Pojana G, White P, Moller P, Cohn CA, Korsholm KS, Vogel U, Marcomini A, Loft S, Wallin H: Genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and reactive oxygen species induced by single-walled carbon nanotubes and C-60 fullerenes in the FE1-Muta (TM) mouse lung epithelial cells. Environ Mol Mutag 2008, 49: 476\u2013487.","journal-title":"Environ Mol Mutag"},{"key":"2161_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2011.07.004","volume":"256","author":"C Pietsch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pietsch C, Bucheli TD, Wettstein FE, Burkhardt-Holm P: Frequent biphasic cellular responses of permanent fish cell cultures to deoxynivalenol (DON). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011, 256: 24\u201334.","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2161_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-7-22","volume":"7","author":"SK Sohaebuddin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sohaebuddin SK, Thevenot PT, Baker D, Eaton JW, Tang LP: Nanomaterial cytotoxicity is composition, size, and cell type dependent. Part Fibre Toxicol 2010, 7: 22.","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"2161_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(02)00315-1","volume":"35","author":"A Shukla","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shukla A, Ramos-Nino M, Mossman B: Cell signaling and transcription factor activation by asbestos in lung injury and disease. Int J Biochem Cell 2003, 35: 1198\u20131209.","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell"},{"key":"2161_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2011.02.008","volume":"722","author":"ML Di Giorgio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Di Giorgio ML, Bucchianico SD, Ragnelli AM, Aimola P, Santucci S, Poma A: Effects of single and multi walled carbon nanotubes on macrophages: cyto and genotoxicity and electron microscopy. Mutat Res-Gen Tox En 2011, 722: 20\u201331.","journal-title":"Mutat Res-Gen Tox En"},{"key":"2161_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2006.03.008","volume":"20","author":"F Tian","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tian F, Cui D, Schwarz H, Estrada GG, Kobayashi H: Cytotoxicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes on human fibroblasts. Toxicol In Vitro 2006, 20: 1202\u20131212.","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"2161_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2013.05.003","volume":"24","author":"K Donaldson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Donaldson K, Poland CA: Nanotoxicity: challenging the myth of nano-specific toxicity. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013, 24: 724\u2013734.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"key":"2161_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2010.01.005","volume":"269","author":"T Coccini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coccini T, Roda E, Sarigiannis DA, Mustarelli P, Quartarone E, Profumo A, Manzo L: Effects of water-soluble functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes examined by different cytotoxicity methods in human astrocyte D384 and lung A549 cells. Toxicology 2010, 269: 41\u201353.","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2161_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1021\/nl060162e","volume":"6","author":"A Magrez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Magrez A, Kasas S, Salicio V, Pasquier N, Seo JW, Celio M, Catsicas S, Schwaller B, Forr\u00f3 L: Cellular toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials. Nano Lett 2006, 6: 1121\u20131125.","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.12.137","volume":"379","author":"S-F Ye","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ye S-F, Wu Y-H, Hou Z-Q, Zhang Q-Q: ROS and NF-\u03baB are involved in upregulation of IL-8 in A549 cells exposed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009, 379: 643\u2013648.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2161_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.01.035","volume":"408","author":"XK Hu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hu XK, Cook S, Wang P, Hwang HM, Liu X, Williams QL: In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of engineered carbon nanotubes in selected human cell lines. Sci Total Environ 2010, 408: 1812\u20131817.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2161_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390701601251","volume":"70","author":"ER Kisin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kisin ER, Murray AR, Keane MJ, Shi X-C, Schwegler-Berry D, Gorelik O, Arepalli S, Castranova V, Wallace WE, Kagan VE: Single-walled carbon nanotubes: geno- and cytotoxic effects in lung fibroblast V79 cells. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2007, 70: 2071\u20132079.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"2161_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10924","volume":"116","author":"M Pacurari","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pacurari M, Yin XJ, Zhao J, Ding M, Leonard SS, Schwegler-Berry D, Ducatman BS, Sbarra D, Hoover MD, Castranova V: Raw single-wall carbon nanotubes induce oxidative stress and activate MAPKs, AP-1, NF-\u03baB, and Akt in normal and malignant human mesothelial cells. Environ Health Perspect 2008, 116: 1211.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2161_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.11.019","volume":"186","author":"HK Lindberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lindberg HK, Falck GC-M, Suhonen S, Vippola M, Vanhala E, Catal\u00e1n J, Savolainen K, Norppa H: Genotoxicity of nanomaterials: DNA damage and micronuclei induced by carbon nanotubes and graphite nanofibres in human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2009, 186: 166\u2013173.","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2007.08.010","volume":"45","author":"L Belyanskaya","year":"2007","unstructured":"Belyanskaya L, Manser P, Spohn P, Bruinink A, Wick P: The reliability and limits of the MTT reduction assay for carbon nanotubes\u2013cell interaction. Carbon 2007, 45: 2643\u20132648.","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"2161_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2006.10.007","volume":"21","author":"M Davoren","year":"2007","unstructured":"Davoren M, Herzog E, Casey A, Cottineau B, Chambers G, Byrne HJ, Lyng FM: In vitro toxicity evaluation of single walled carbon nanotubes on human A549 lung cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2007, 21: 438\u2013448.","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"2161_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm279","volume":"101","author":"DB Warheit","year":"2008","unstructured":"Warheit DB: How meaningful are the results of nanotoxicity studies in the absence of adequate material characterization? Toxicol Sci 2008, 101: 183\u2013185.","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2161_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.3109\/10408444.2010.506638","volume":"40","author":"K Aschberger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aschberger K, Johnston HJ, Stone V, Aitken RJ, Hankin SM, Peters SAK, Tran CL, Christensen FM: Review of carbon nanotubes toxicity and exposure - appraisal of human health risk assessment based on open literature. Crit Rev Toxicol 2010, 40: 759\u2013790.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"2161_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2010.04.001","volume":"272","author":"D Crouzier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Crouzier D, Follot S, Gentilhomme E, Flahaut E, Arnaud R, Dabouis V, Castellarin C, Debouzy JC: Carbon nanotubes induce inflammation but decrease the production of reactive oxygen species in lung. Toxicology 2010, 272: 39\u201345.","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2161_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2008.07.020","volume":"181","author":"ST Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang ST, Wang X, Jia G, Gu YQ, Wang TC, Nie HY, Ge CC, Wang HF, Liu YF: Long-term accumulation and low toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes in intravenously exposed mice. Toxicol Lett 2008, 181: 182\u2013189.","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph2005010031","volume":"2","author":"LE Murr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Murr LE, Garza KM, Soto KF, Carrasco A, Powell TG, Ramirez DA, Guerrero PA, Lopez DA, Venzor J 3rd: Cytotoxicity assessment of some carbon nanotubes and related carbon nanoparticle aggregates and the implications for anthropogenic carbon nanotube aggregates in the environment. Int J Env Res Public Health 2005, 2: 31\u201342.","journal-title":"Int J Env Res Public Health"},{"key":"2161_CR114","first-page":"593","volume":"24","author":"B Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen B, Liu Y, Song WM, Hayashi Y, Ding XC, Li WH: In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and human A549 lung cells. Biomed Environ Sci 2011, 24: 593\u2013601.","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"2161_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2007.06.054","volume":"45","author":"K Pulskamp","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pulskamp K, W\u00f6rle-Knirsch JM, Hennrich F, Kern K, Krug HF: Human lung epithelial cells show biphasic oxidative burst after single-walled carbon nanotube contact. Carbon 2007, 45: 2241\u20132249.","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"2161_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1021\/nl060177c","volume":"6","author":"J W\u00f6rle-Knirsch","year":"2006","unstructured":"W\u00f6rle-Knirsch J, Pulskamp K, Krug H: Oops they did it again! Carbon nanotubes hoax scientists in viability assays. Nano Lett 2006, 6: 1261\u20131268.","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1021\/tx800064j","volume":"21","author":"HL Karlsson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Karlsson HL, Cronholm P, Gustafsson J, Moller L: Copper oxide nanoparticles are highly toxic: A comparison between metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. Chem Res Toxicol 2008, 21: 1726\u20131732.","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"2161_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2009.02.006","volume":"5","author":"O Vittorio","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vittorio O, Raffa V, Cuschieri A: Influence of purity and surface oxidation on cytotoxicity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with human neuroblastoma cells. Nanosci Nanotechnol Biol Med 2009, 5: 424\u2013431.","journal-title":"Nanosci Nanotechnol Biol Med"},{"key":"2161_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285102","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/20\/28\/285102","volume":"20","author":"H Xu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xu H, Bai J, Meng J, Hao W, Xu H, Cao J-M: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes suppress potassium channel activities in PC12 cells. Nanotechnology 2009, 20: 285102.","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"2161_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3773","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2011.3862","volume":"11","author":"S Ye","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ye S, Wang Y, Jiao F, Zhang H, Lin C, Wu Y, Zhang Q: The role of NADPH oxidase in multi-walled carbon nanotubes-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in human macrophages. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011, 11: 3773\u20133781.","journal-title":"J Nanosci Nanotechnol"},{"key":"2161_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.09.091","volume":"33","author":"L Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang L, Ying L, Yujian F, Taotao W, Le Guyader L, Ge G, Ru-Shi L, Yan-Zhong C, Chunying C: The triggering of apoptosis in macrophages by pristine graphene through the MAPK and TGF-beta signaling pathways. Biomaterials 2012, 33: 402\u2013411.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2161_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3181","DOI":"10.1021\/nn1007176","volume":"4","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Ali SF, Dervishi E, Xu Y, Li Z, Casciano D, Biris AS: Cytotoxicity effects of graphene and single-wall carbon nanotubes in neural phaeochromocytoma-derived PC12 cells. ACS Nano 2010, 4: 3181\u20133186.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2161_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.11.016","volume":"200","author":"Y Chang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang Y, Yang S-T, Liu J-H, Dong E, Wang Y, Cao A, Liu Y, Wang H: In vitro toxicity evaluation of graphene oxide on A549 cells. Toxicol Lett 2011, 200: 201\u2013210.","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201202625","volume":"9","author":"MA Creighton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Creighton MA, Rangel-Mendez JR, Huang JX, Kane AB, Hurt RH: Graphene-Induced Adsorptive and Optical Artifacts During In Vitro Toxicology Assays. Small 2013, 9: 1921\u20131927.","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2161_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.01.060","volume":"407","author":"J Lawrence","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lawrence J, Zhu B, Swerhone G, Roy J, Wassenaar L, Topp E, Korber D: Comparative microscale analysis of the effects of triclosan and triclocarban on the structure and function of river biofilm communities. Sci Total Environ 2009, 407: 3307\u20133316.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2161_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2012.10.012","volume":"215","author":"J Morita","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morita J, Teramachi A, Sanagawa Y, Toyson S, Yamamoto H, Oyama Y: Elevation of intracellular Zn2+ level by nanomolar concentrations of triclocarban in rat thymocytes. Toxicol Lett 2012, 215: 208\u20132013.","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR127","first-page":"2667","volume":"408","author":"EH Snyder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Snyder EH, O\u2019Connor GA, McAvoy DC: Toxicity and bioaccumulation of biosolids-borne triclocarban (TCC) in terrestrial organisms. Chemosphere 2010, 408: 2667\u20132673.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2161_CR128","first-page":"1","volume":"27","author":"E Fukunaga","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fukunaga E, Kanbara Y, Oyama Y: Role of Zn2+ in restoration of nonprotein thiol content in the cells under chemical stress induced by triclocarban. Nat Sci Res 2013, 27: 1\u20135.","journal-title":"Nat Sci Res"},{"key":"2161_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2131\/jts.38.49","volume":"38","author":"Y Kanbara","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kanbara Y, Murakane K, Nishimura Y, Satoh M, Oyama Y: Nanomolar concentration of triclocarban increases the vulnerability of rat thymocytes to oxidative stress. J Toxicol Sci 2013, 38: 49\u201355.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2161_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4410","DOI":"10.1021\/es010323a","volume":"36","author":"J Legler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Legler J, Zeinstra LM, Schuitemaker F, Lanser PH, Bogerd J, Brouwer A, Vethaak AD, De Voogt P, Murk AJ, van der Burg B: Comparison of in vivo and in vitro reporter gene assays for short-term screening of estrogenic activity. Environ Sci Technol 2002, 36: 4410\u20134415.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2161_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2013.03.003","volume":"27","author":"P Tarnow","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tarnow P, Tralau T, Hunecke D, Luch A: Effects of triclocarban on the transcription of estrogen, androgen and aryl hydrocarbon receptor responsive genes in human breast cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2013, 27: 1467\u20131475.","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"2161_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2010.03.020","volume":"14","author":"N Thorne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thorne N, Auld DS, Inglese J: Apparent activity in high-throughput screening: origins of compound-dependent assay interference. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2010, 14: 315\u2013324.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Chem Biol"},{"key":"2161_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2012.07.015","volume":"19","author":"N Thorne","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thorne N, Shen M, Lea WA, Simeonov A, Lovell S, Auld DS, Inglese J: Firefly luciferase in chemical biology: a compendium of inhibitors, mechanistic evaluation of chemotypes, and suggested use as a reporter. Chem Biol 2012, 19: 1060\u20131072.","journal-title":"Chem Biol"},{"key":"2161_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.06.010","volume":"122","author":"A Sotoca","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sotoca A, Bovee T, Brand W, Velikova N, Boeren S, Murk A, Vervoort J, Rietjens I: Superinduction of estrogen receptor mediated gene expression in luciferase based reporter gene assays is mediated by a post-transcriptional mechanism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010, 122: 204\u2013211.","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"2161_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0101","volume":"21","author":"NL Weigel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weigel NL, Moore NL: Steroid receptor phosphorylation: a key modulator of multiple receptor functions. Mol Endocrinol 2007, 21: 2311\u20132319.","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2161_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7254","DOI":"10.1021\/es801297u","volume":"42","author":"D Lin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lin D, Xing B: Adsorption of phenolic compounds by carbon nanotubes: role of aromaticity and substitution of hydroxyl groups. Environ Sci Technol 2008, 42: 7254\u20137259.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2161_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1021\/es803362b","volume":"43","author":"B Pan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pan B, Lin D, Mashayekhi H, Xing B: Adsorption and hysteresis of bisphenol A and 17 alpha-ethinyl estradiol on carbon nanomaterials (vol 42, pg 5480, 2008). Environ Sci Technol 2009, 43: 548\u2013548.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2161_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1021\/nl0493895","volume":"4","author":"SB Fagan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fagan SB, Souza Filho A, Lima J, Filho JM, Ferreira O, Mazali I, Alves O, Dresselhaus M: 1,2-Dichlorobenzene interacting with carbon nanotubes. Nano Lett 2004, 4: 1285\u20131288.","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7540","DOI":"10.1021\/la010131t","volume":"17","author":"J Hilding","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hilding J, Grulke EA, Sinnott SB, Qian D, Andrews R, Jagtoyen M: Sorption of butane on carbon multiwall nanotubes at room temperature. Langmuir 2001, 17: 7540\u20137544.","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2161_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3746","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1577381","volume":"82","author":"J Zhao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhao J, Lu JP, Han J, Yang C-K: Noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes by aromatic organic molecules. Appl Phys Lett 2003, 82: 3746\u20133748.","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"2161_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.1021\/es8033044","volume":"43","author":"M Keiluweit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Keiluweit M, Kleber M: Molecular-level interactions in soils and sediments: the role of aromatic \u03c0-systems. Environ Sci Technol 2009, 43: 3421\u20133429.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2161_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8295","DOI":"10.1021\/es071230h","volume":"41","author":"W Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen W, Duan L, Zhu D: Adsorption of polar and nonpolar organic chemicals to carbon nanotubes. Environ Sci Technol 2007, 41: 8295\u20138300.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"}],"container-title":["Nanoscale Research Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1556-276X-9-396.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T14:07:51Z","timestamp":1717250871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/1556-276X-9-396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,15]]},"references-count":142,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1556-276x-9-396","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-276X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-276X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 June 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 August 2014","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2014","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"396"}}