{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T01:40:09Z","timestamp":1745199609968,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]],"date-time":"2012-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1353024000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transmission using excess power not only shortens the lifetime of sensor nodes, but also introduces interference. Packets should ideally be transmitted with moderate power. This study proposes a multi-level power adjustment (MLPA) mechanism for a wireless sensor network to prolong the lifetime of individual nodes and the overall network. In this study, we constructed an analytical model of the MLPA mechanism with<jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>distinct power levels (<jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>-LPA). For<jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>-LPA, the closed-form expression of the optimal power setting was determined and the mean transmission power was minimized to one-third of the original fixed-transmission power. We found that the average power consumption of our proposed mechanism is 33.93% higher than that of fixed-transmission power. Thus, each node can extend the lifetime by 2.5 times. We have shown the relations between<jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>and density in simulation results. Although the mechanism worked smoothly in this study, the sensors do not need to handle the distance and interference problem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2012-343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]],"date-time":"2012-11-16T13:14:18Z","timestamp":1353071658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MLPA-conservation mechanism in wireless sensor network environments"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2012","author":[{"given":"Sheng-Tzong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Shing","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tun-Yu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwo-Jiun","family":"Horng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Lun","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"503_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2004.828953","volume":"12","author":"W Ye","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ye W, Heidemann J, Estrin D: Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks. IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw. 2004, 12(3):453-506.","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Dam T, Langendoen K: An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. 1st ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems(ACM SenSys) ed. by (Los Angeles, CA, 2003), pp. 171\u2013181","key":"503_CR2","DOI":"10.1145\/958491.958512"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tilak S, Abu-Ghazaleh NB, Heinzelman W: Infrastructure tradeoffs for sensor networks. Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Sensor Networks and Applications (WSNA) ed. by (Atlanta, 2002), pp. 49\u201358","key":"503_CR3","DOI":"10.1145\/570738.570746"},{"key":"503_CR4","volume-title":"Wireless medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specification for low rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs)","author":"IEEE Std 802.15.4, Part 15.4","year":"2003","unstructured":"IEEE Std 802.15.4, Part 15.4: Wireless medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specification for low rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). 2003."},{"key":"503_CR5","first-page":"191","volume":"248","author":"RA Santos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Santos RA, Villasenor L, Gallardo J, Edwards A: Performance analysis of routing strategies for wireless sensor networks. IFIP 2007, 248: 191-202.","journal-title":"IFIP"},{"key":"503_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-005-5275-x","volume":"12","author":"E Althaus","year":"2006","unstructured":"Althaus E, Calinescu G, Mandoiu II, Prasad S, Tchervenski N, Zelikovsky A: Power efficient range assignment for symmetric connectivity in static ad hoc wireless networks. Wirel. Netw 2006, 12: 287-299. 10.1007\/s11276-005-5275-x","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw"},{"issue":"10","key":"503_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2004.835388","volume":"49","author":"M Huang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Huang M, Caines PE, Malham\u00e9 RP: Uplink power adjustment in wireless communication systems: a stochastic control analysis. IEEE Trans. Automatic Control 2004, 49(10):1693-1708. 10.1109\/TAC.2004.835388","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Automatic Control"},{"key":"503_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2006.155","volume":"5","author":"S Panichpapiboon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Panichpapiboon S, Ferrari G, Tonguz OK: Optimal transmit power in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 2006, 5: 1432-1447.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramanathan R, Rosales-Hain R: Topology control of multihop wireless networks using transmit power adjustment. Proc. IEEE Infocom\u20192000 ed. by (Tel Aviv, Israel, March 2000), pp. 404\u2013413","key":"503_CR9","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2000.832213"},{"issue":"1","key":"503_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2004.04.007","volume":"4","author":"Q Gao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gao Q, Blow KJ, Holding DJ, Marshall IW, Peng XH: Radio range adjustment for energy efficient wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Netw. 2006, 4(1):75-82. 10.1016\/j.adhoc.2004.04.007","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw"},{"issue":"8","key":"503_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2002.1024422","volume":"40","author":"IF Akyildiz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Akyildiz IF, Su W, Sankarasubmmaiam Y, Cayirci E: A survey on sensor networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 2002, 40(8):102-114. 10.1109\/MCOM.2002.1024422","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag"},{"key":"503_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2004.1368893","volume":"11","author":"JN Al-Karaki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Al-Karaki JN, Kamal AE: Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 2004, 11: 6-28.","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun"},{"unstructured":"Intanagonwiwat C, Estrin D, Govindan R, Heideman J: Impact of network density on data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems ed. by (Vienna, 2002), pp. 457\u2013458","key":"503_CR13"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao Y, Wu K, Li F: Analysis on the redundancy of wireless sensor networks. Proc. 2nd ACM International Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications (WSNA) ed. by (San Diego, 2003), pp. 108\u2013114","key":"503_CR14","DOI":"10.1145\/941350.941366"},{"issue":"4","key":"503_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1145\/190809.190336","volume":"24","author":"CE Perkins","year":"1994","unstructured":"Perkins CE, Bhagwat P: Highly dynamic destination-sequenced distance-vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers. Comput. Commun. Rev. 1994, 24(4):234-244. 10.1145\/190809.190336","journal-title":"Comput. Commun. Rev"},{"unstructured":"Chiang CC, Wu HK, Liu W, Gerla M: Routing in clustered multihop, mobile wireless networks. Proc. of IEEE Singapore International Conference on Networks (SICON\u201997) ed. by (Singapore, Apr. 14\u201317, 1997), pp. 197\u2013211","key":"503_CR16"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murthy S, Garcia-Luna-Aceves JJ: A routing protocol for packet radio networks. ACM\/IEEE MOBICOM ed. by (Berkeley, CA, Nov. 1995), pp. 86\u201395","key":"503_CR17","DOI":"10.1145\/215530.215560"},{"unstructured":"Perkins CE: Ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing. IETF Internet Draft (November 1998).[http:\/\/www.ietf.org\/internet-drafts\/draft-ietf-manet-aodv-02.txt]","key":"503_CR18"},{"key":"503_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-585-29603-6_5","volume":"5","author":"DB Johnson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Johnson DB, Maltz DA: Dynamic source routing in ad-hoc wireless networks. Mob. Comput. Chapter 1996, 5: 153-181.","journal-title":"Mob. Comput. Chapter"},{"key":"503_CR20","volume-title":"The zone routing protocol (ZRP) for ad hoc networks, IETF, internet draft, draft-zone-routing-protocol-00.txt","author":"ZJ Hass","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hass ZJ: The zone routing protocol (ZRP) for ad hoc networks, IETF, internet draft, draft-zone-routing-protocol-00.txt. 1997."},{"key":"503_CR21","volume-title":"EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw","author":"M Nickray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nickray M, Afzali-Kusha A, J\u00e4ntti R: MEA: an energy efficient algorithm for dense sector-based wireless sensor networks. EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. 2012."},{"issue":"3","key":"503_CR22","first-page":"2912","volume":"2","author":"PS Mundra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mundra PS, Kumar R: Energy efficient protocol for WSN. Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl. (IJERA) 2012, 2(3):2912-2916.","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl. (IJERA)"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhawan A, Vu CT, Zelikovsky A, Li Y, Prasad SK: Maximum lifetime of sensor networks with adjustable sensing range. Seventh ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel\/Distributed Computing (SNPD'06) ed. by (Las Vegas, 2006), pp. 285\u2013289","key":"503_CR23","DOI":"10.1109\/SNPD-SAWN.2006.46"},{"key":"503_CR24","volume-title":"Third IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications","author":"J Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang J, Medidi S: Energy efficient coverage with variable sensing radii in wireless sensor networks. Third IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications, 2007 ed. by (WiMOB 2007, White Plains, NY, 8\u201310 Oct. 2007), p. 61"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin S, Zang J, Zhou G, Gu L, He T, Stankovic JA: ATPC: adaptive transmission power control for wireless sensor networks. ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (ACM SenSys\u201906) ed. by (Boulder, Colorado, 2006), pp. 223\u2013236","key":"503_CR25","DOI":"10.1145\/1182807.1182830"},{"unstructured":"Rappaport TS: Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice. (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 2002)","key":"503_CR26"},{"unstructured":"Wolfram Research: Mathematica.[http:\/\/www.worlfram.com\/]","key":"503_CR27"}],"container-title":["EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2012-343.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2012-343\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2012-343.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T01:27:18Z","timestamp":1745198838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2012-343"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2012-343","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-1499"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1687-1499"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 December 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2012","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2012","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"343"}}