{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T01:20:28Z","timestamp":1787707228199,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,3]],"date-time":"2013-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370217600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Although many problems for transmission control protocol (TCP) in multi-hop wireless networks have been studied with many proposals in the literature, they are not solved completely yet. Different from the existing proposals to mitigate the limitation of TCP in multi-hop wireless networks, we propose a framework of semi-TCP which decouples two functionalities of traditional TCP, i.e., congestion control and reliability control, in order to get rid of the constraint of TCP\u2019s congestion window on performance enhancement. Specifically, we employ hop-by-hop congestion control which is more efficient than its end-to-end counterpart since the control efficiency of the later relies on the availability of end-to-end connectivity which is difficult to sustain in wireless networks. We implement hop-by-hop congestion control via intra-node and inter-node congestion control, and propose a distributed hop-by-hop congestion control algorithm based on the widely used request-to-send\/clear-to-send protocol. Such a semi-TCP retains the reliability control in original TCP. Extensive simulations based on network simulator-2 show the promising performance of semi-TCP over traditional schemes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2013-149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,3]],"date-time":"2013-06-03T10:44:17Z","timestamp":1370256257000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Decoupling congestion control from TCP (semi-TCP) for multi-hop wireless networks"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Yegui","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengming","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quansheng","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F Richard","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"751_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2005.1610548","volume":"7","author":"AA Hanbali","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hanbali AA, Altman E, Nain P: A survey of TCP over Ad hoc networks. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 2005, 7(3):22-36. 10.1109\/COMST.2005.1610548","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"},{"issue":"4","key":"751_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2006.283822","volume":"8","author":"KC Leung","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leung KC, Li VOK: Transmission control protocol (TCP) in wireless networks: issues, approaches, and challenges. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 2006, 8(4):64-79.","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"},{"key":"751_CR3","volume-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Computer Commun. & Management (CSIT)","author":"S Chokhandre","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chokhandre S, Shrawankar U: TCP over multi-hop wireless mesh network, vol. 5. In Proc. Int. Conf. Computer Commun. & Management (CSIT). Singapore: IACSIT Press; 2011."},{"issue":"4","key":"751_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01985757","volume":"1","author":"H Balakrishnan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Balakrishnan H, Sehan S, Katz R: Improving reliable transport and handoff performance in cellular wireless networks. ACM Wireless Netw. (WINET) 1995, 1(4):469-481. 10.1007\/BF01985757","journal-title":"ACM Wireless Netw. (WINET)"},{"key":"751_CR5","first-page":"2624","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Veh. Tech. Conf. (VTC) - Fall","author":"S Vangala","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vangala S, Mehta M: The TCP SACK-aware snoop protocol for TCP over wireless networks, vol. 4. In Proc. IEEE Veh. Tech. Conf. (VTC) - Fall. Orlando, FL: ; 6\u20139 October 2003:2624-2628."},{"key":"751_CR6","first-page":"1046","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Wireless Commun. & Networking Conf. (WCNC)","author":"FL Sun","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sun FL, Li VOK, Liew SC: Design of SNACK mechanism for wireless TCP with new snoop, vol. 5. In Proc. IEEE Wireless Commun. & Networking Conf. (WCNC). Atlanta, GA: ; 21\u201325 March 2004:1046-1051."},{"key":"751_CR7","unstructured":"Lai CD, Leung KC, Li VOK: Enhancing wireless TCP: a serialized-timer approach. In Proc. IEEE INFOCOM. San Diego, CA: ; 14:1-5."},{"issue":"2-3","key":"751_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013798127590","volume":"8","author":"SG Holland","year":"2002","unstructured":"Holland SG, Vaidya N: Analysis of TCP performance on mobile Ad Hoc network on wireless. ACM Wireless Netw. (WINET) 2002, 8(2-3):275-288.","journal-title":"ACM Wireless Netw. (WINET)"},{"key":"751_CR9","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Net. Protocols (ICNP)","author":"V Tsaoussidis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tsaoussidis V, Badr H: TCP-probing: towards an error control scheme with energy and throughput performance gains. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Net. Protocols (ICNP). Osaka: ; 2000:12-21."},{"key":"751_CR10","first-page":"1698","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Global Tele. Conf. (GLOBOCOM)","author":"M Gerla","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gerla M, Sanadidi MY, Wang R, Zanella A, Casetti C, Mascolo S: TCP Westwood: congestion window control using bandwidth estimation, vol. 3. In Proc. IEEE Global Tele. Conf. (GLOBOCOM). San Antonio TX: ; 2001:1698-1702."},{"issue":"3","key":"751_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2006.253273","volume":"8","author":"B Sardar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sardar B, Saha D: Survey of TCP enhancements for last-hop wireless networks. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 2006, 8(3):20-34.","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials"},{"key":"751_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2011-198","volume":"2011","author":"AM Al-Jubari","year":"2011","unstructured":"Al-Jubari AM, Othman M, Ali BM, Hamid NAWA: TCP performance in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks: challenges and solution. EURASIP J. Wireless Commun. Netw 2011, 2011: 198. 10.1186\/1687-1499-2011-198","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Wireless Commun. Netw"},{"issue":"5","key":"751_CR13","first-page":"2485","volume":"59","author":"C Luo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Luo C, Yu FR, Ji H, Leung VCM: Cross-layer design for TCP performance improvement in cognitive radio networks. IEEE 2010, 59(5):2485-2495.","journal-title":"IEEE"},{"key":"751_CR14","volume-title":"Proc. Annual Int. Wireless Internet Conf. (WICON)","author":"B Sadeghi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sadeghi B, Yamdad A, Fujiwara A, Yang L: A simple and efficient hop-by-hop congestion control protocol for wireless mesh networks. In Proc. Annual Int. Wireless Internet Conf. (WICON). Boston, TX: ; 2006."},{"key":"751_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2006.890121","volume":"15","author":"Y Yi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yi Y, Shakkottai S: Hop-by-hop congestion control over a wireless multi-hop network. ACM\/IEEE Trans. Netw 2007, 15: 133-144.","journal-title":"ACM\/IEEE Trans. Netw"},{"key":"751_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2007.01.001","volume":"6","author":"B Scheuermann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scheuermann B, Locherta C, Mauve M: Implicit hop-by-hop congestion control in wireless multihop networks. Ad Hoc Netw 2008, 6: 260-288. 10.1016\/j.adhoc.2007.01.001","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw"},{"key":"751_CR17","first-page":"2456","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Wireless Commun. & Networking Conf. (WCNC)","author":"XY Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang XY, Perkins D: Cross-layer hop-by-hop congestion control in mobile ad hoc networks. In Proc. IEEE Wireless Commun. & Networking Conf. (WCNC). Las Vegas, NV: ; March 31\u2013April 3 2008:2456-2461."},{"key":"751_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1145\/1614222.1614228","volume-title":"Proc. of the 4th ACM workshop on Challenged networks","author":"S Jiang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jiang S, Zuo Q, Wei G: Decoupling congestion control from TCP for multi-hop wireless networks: semi-TCP. In Proc. of the 4th ACM workshop on Challenged networks. New York: CHANTS \u201909, ACM; 2009:27-34."},{"issue":"6","key":"751_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2005.81","volume":"4","author":"K Sundaresan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sundaresan K, Anantharaman V, Hsieh HY, Sivakumar R: ATP: A reliable transport protocol for Ad Hoc networks. IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput 2005, 4(6):588-603.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput"},{"issue":"4","key":"751_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2010.2095038","volume":"19","author":"SM ElRakabawy","year":"2011","unstructured":"ElRakabawy SM, Lindemann C: A practical adaptive pacing scheme for TCP in multihop wireless networks. IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw 2011, 19(4):975-988.","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw"},{"issue":"4","key":"751_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1109\/90.793002","volume":"7","author":"S Floyd","year":"1999","unstructured":"Floyd S, Fall K: Promoting the use of end-to-end congestion control. ACM\/IEEE Trans. Netw 1999, 7(4):458-472. 10.1109\/90.793002","journal-title":"ACM\/IEEE Trans. Netw"},{"issue":"4","key":"751_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1109\/35.925681","volume":"39","author":"S Xu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Xu S, Saadawi T: Does the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol work well in multihop wireless ad hoc networks? IEEE Commun. Mag 2001, 39(4):130-137.","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag"},{"key":"751_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39867-7_26","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Personal Wireless Comm","author":"E Altman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Altman E, Jimenez T: Novel delayed ACK techniques for improving TCP performance in multihop wireless networks. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Personal Wireless Comm.. Venice: ; 23\u201325 September 2003:237-242."},{"key":"751_CR24","first-page":"1685","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Wireless Commun. & Networking Conf. (WCNC)","author":"AK Singh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Singh AK, Kankipati K: DTCP-ADA: TCP with adaptive delayed acknowledgement for mobile ad hoc networks, vol. 3. In Proc. IEEE Wireless Commun. & Networking Conf. (WCNC). Atlanta, GA: ; 2004:1685-1690."},{"key":"751_CR25","volume-title":"Medium Access Control (MAC) sub layer and 3 Physical Layer Specifications, IEEE,","author":"IEEE Std 802.11","year":"1997","unstructured":"IEEE Std 802.11: Medium Access Control (MAC) sub layer and 3 Physical Layer Specifications, IEEE,. 1997."},{"key":"751_CR26","first-page":"1081","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Wireless Commun. & Networking Conf. (WCNC)","author":"HQ Zhai","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhai HQ, Wang JF, Fang YG: Distributed packet scheduling for multihop flows in ad hoc networks, vol. 2. In Proc. IEEE Wireless Commun. & Networking Conf. (WCNC). Atlanta, GA: ; 21\u201325 March 2004:1081-1086."},{"key":"751_CR27","unstructured":"Chen K, Nahrstedt K, Vaidya N: The utility of explicit rate-based flow control in mobile ad hoc networks, vol. 3. In Proc. IEEE Wireless Commun. & Networking Conf. (WCNC). Atlanta, GA: ; 21:1921-1926."},{"issue":"3","key":"751_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2005.12.003","volume":"5","author":"W Kiess","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kiess W, Mauve M: A survey on real-world implementations of mobile ad-hoc networks. Ad Hoc Netw 2007, 5(3):324-339. 10.1016\/j.adhoc.2005.12.003","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw"},{"key":"751_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc3561","volume-title":"Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing","author":"CE Perkins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Perkins CE, Belding-Royer EM, Das SR: Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing. IETF RFC3561 (2003)"},{"key":"751_CR30","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE WS. Mobile Computing Systems & App. (WMCSA)","author":"M Gerla","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gerla M, Tang K, Bagrodia R: TCP performance in wireless multi-hop networks. In Proc. IEEE WS. Mobile Computing Systems & App. (WMCSA). New Orleans, LA: ; 25\u201326 Feb 1999:41-50."},{"issue":"2","key":"751_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2005.30","volume":"4","author":"Z Fu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fu Z, Zerfos P, Luo H, Lu SW, Zhang LX, Gerla M: The impact of multihop wireless channel on TCP throughput and loss. IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput 2005, 4(2):209-221.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput"},{"key":"751_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1145\/1062689.1062726","volume-title":"Proc. ACM Int. Sym. Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc)","author":"SM ElRakabawy","year":"2005","unstructured":"ElRakabawy SM, Alexander K, Christoph L: TCP with adaptive pacing for multihop wireless networks. In Proc. ACM Int. Sym. Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc). New York, NY: ; 2005:288-299."},{"key":"751_CR33","volume-title":"The New-Reno modification to TCP's fast recovery algorithm","author":"S Floyd","year":"1999","unstructured":"Floyd S, Henderson T: The New-Reno modification to TCP\u2019s fast recovery algorithm. IETF RFC 2582 (1999)"},{"key":"751_CR34","first-page":"214","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Mobile Ad-hoc & Sensor Systems","author":"D Berger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Berger D, Ye ZQ, Sinha P, Krishnamurthy S, Faloutsos M, Tripathi SK: TCP-friendly medium access control for ad-hoc wireless networks: alleviating self-contention. In Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Mobile Ad-hoc & Sensor Systems. Port Lauderdale, FL: ; 2004:214-223."}],"container-title":["EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2013-149.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2013-149\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2013-149.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T00:39:15Z","timestamp":1630543155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2013-149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2013-149","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-1499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-1499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 November 2012","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"149"}}