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The diversity of transmitted polarizations is proposed as an alternative to spatial diversity in order to limit the aperture of antenna arrays at both ends of the radio link. In a theoretical step providing the estimation of capacity gain for different MIMO architectures, a 2 \u00d7 2 MIMO solution transmitting two complementary circular polarizations is identified as a balanced trade-off between performance increase and complexity. The design of the corresponding system is described with a focus on antenna arrays and the kind of signal processing that should be implemented. This novel communication system has been tested on a 280-km-long radio link. The first results underline a data transfer rate reaching a value of 24.09 kbps (in a 4.2-kHz bandwidth) that significantly exceeds the current standards for HF modems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2013-167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]],"date-time":"2013-06-17T12:14:26Z","timestamp":1371471266000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Development and test of a trans-horizon communication system based on a MIMO architecture"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Papa Moussa","family":"Ndao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yvon","family":"Erhel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Lemur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martial","family":"Oger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Le Masson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"703_CR1","volume-title":"The Magneto-ionic Theory and its Application to the Ionosphere","author":"JA Ratcliffe","year":"1962","unstructured":"Ratcliffe JA: The Magneto-ionic Theory and its Application to the Ionosphere. 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