{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T12:32:16Z","timestamp":1721997136852},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,24]],"date-time":"2013-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372032000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>With the advent of IPv6, the world is getting ready to incorporate smart objects to the current Internet to realize the idea of Internet of Things. The biggest challenge faced is the resource constraint of the smart objects to directly utilize the existing standard protocols and applications. A number of initiatives are currently witnessed to resolve this situation. One of such initiatives is the introduction of Constrained Application Protocol. This protocol is developed to fit in the resource-constrained smart object with the ability to easily translate to the prominent representational state transfer implementation, hypertext transfer protocol (and vice versa). The protocol has several optional extensions, one of them being, resource observation. With resource observation, a client may ask a server to be notified every state change of the resource. However, in many applications, all state changes are not significant enough for the clients. Therefore, the client will have to decide whether to use a value sent by a server or not. This results in wastage of the already constrained resources (bandwidth, processing power,\u2026). In this paper, we introduced an alternative to the normal resource observation function, named Conditional Observation, where clients tell the servers the criteria for notification. We evaluated the power consumption and number of packets transmitted between clients and servers by using different network sizes and number of servers. In all cases, we found out that the existing observe option results in excessive number of packets (most of them unimportant for the client) and higher power consumption. We also made an extensive theoretical evaluation of the two approaches which give consistent result with the results we got from experimentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2013-177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,24]],"date-time":"2013-06-24T10:14:52Z","timestamp":1372068892000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Facilitating the creation of IoT applications through conditional observations in CoAP"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Girum Ketema","family":"Teklemariam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Hoebeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Moerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piet","family":"Demeester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"735_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2010.5675778","volume":"17","author":"Z Shelby","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shelby Z: Embedded web services. IEEE Wireless Communications 2010, 17: 52-57.","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications"},{"key":"735_CR2","volume-title":"RFC4944 - Transmission of IPv6 packets over IEEE 802.15.4 networks, IETF Trust","author":"G Montenegro","year":"2007","unstructured":"Montenegro G, Kushalnagar N, Culler D: RFC4944 - Transmission of IPv6 packets over IEEE 802.15.4 networks, IETF Trust. : ; 2007."},{"key":"735_CR3","volume-title":"RFC6550 - RPL: routing protocol for low power and lossy networks, IETF Trust","author":"J Hui","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hui J, Kelsey R, Levis P, Pister K, Struik R, Vasseur JP, Alexander R: RFC6550 - RPL: routing protocol for low power and lossy networks, IETF Trust. : ; 2012."},{"key":"735_CR4","volume-title":"Constrained application protocol (CoAP): draft-ietf-core-coap-13, IETF Trust","author":"Z Shelby","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shelby Z, Hartke K, Bormann C: Constrained application protocol (CoAP): draft-ietf-core-coap-13, IETF Trust. : ; 2012."},{"key":"735_CR5","volume-title":"observing resources in CoAP - draft-ietf-core-observe-07, IETF Trust","author":"Z Shelby","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shelby Z, Hartke K, Bormann C: observing resources in CoAP - draft-ietf-core-observe-07, IETF Trust. : ; 2012."},{"key":"735_CR6","volume-title":"Connecting Smart Objects with IP: The Next Internet","author":"JP Vasseur","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vasseur JP, Dunkels A: Connecting Smart Objects with IP: The Next Internet. 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IETF Trust. : ; 2002."},{"key":"735_CR9","volume-title":"MQTT for Sensor Networks (MQTT-S) Protocol Specification Version 1.1","author":"A Stanford-Clark","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stanford-Clark A, Truong HL: MQTT for Sensor Networks (MQTT-S) Protocol Specification Version 1.1. : IBM Corporation, Armonk; 2008."},{"key":"735_CR10","volume-title":"Mires: A Publish\/Subscribe Middleware For Sensor Networks","author":"E Souto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Souto E, Guimar\u00e3es G, Vasconcelos G, Vieira M, Rosa N, Ferraz C, Kelner J: Mires: A Publish\/Subscribe Middleware For Sensor Networks. London: Springer; 2005."},{"key":"735_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOM.2009.4912862","volume-title":"A Publish\/Subscribe Middleware Supporting Composite Event In Wireless Sensor Network","author":"S Lai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lai S, Cao J, Zheng Y, Ware PS: A Publish\/Subscribe Middleware Supporting Composite Event In Wireless Sensor Network. Washington: IEEE Computer Society; 2009."},{"key":"735_CR12","first-page":"10","volume-title":"Machine-to-Machine communications (M2M). ETSI TS 102 690 V1.1.1","author":"European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)","year":"2011","unstructured":"European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI): Machine-to-Machine communications (M2M). ETSI TS 102 690 V1.1.1. France: ETSI; 2011:10."},{"key":"735_CR13","volume-title":"CoRE Interfaces: draft-shelby-core-interfaces-3, IETF Trust","author":"Z Shelby","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shelby Z, Vial M: CoRE Interfaces: draft-shelby-core-interfaces-3, IETF Trust. : ; 2013."},{"key":"735_CR14","volume-title":"Sensor Observation Service","year":"2007","unstructured":"Na A, Priest M (Eds): Sensor Observation Service. 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Amsterdam: IEEE; 2011:855-860."},{"key":"735_CR17","series-title":"Palermo, 4\u20136 July","volume-title":"International Workshop on Extending Seamlessly to the Internet of Things (esIoT)","author":"I Ishaq","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ishaq I, Hoebeke J, Rossey J, De Poorter E, Moerman I, Demeester P: Facilitating sensor deployment, discovery and resource access using embedded web services. Palermo, 4\u20136 July. In International Workshop on Extending Seamlessly to the Internet of Things (esIoT). 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