{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:10Z","timestamp":1773964810716,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,17]],"date-time":"2013-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1376697600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wireless Com Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>With the development of mobile networks, propagation characteristics and defense mechanism of the virus have attracted increasing research attention. But current researches are mainly concerned with static network topology or community structure and some studies focus on characteristics of virus and malware. Little attention is paid to the influence of dynamic changes of network topology to virus propagation. Meanwhile, many studies focus on the threshold rate of the infection (or the immunization rate) for virus outbreak. In this paper, we present a new way to assess and restrain virus propagation by proposing the concepts of propagation power and propagation structure. Three basic propagation structures are presented through which the infection risk can be quantified, and a framework is proposed to assess the impact of virus propagation in different network structures. The relationship between the speed of virus propagation and network structure is also explored. An algorithm is designed to assess the propagation power in a dynamic network with no need to redetect the community under the dynamic network which may significantly improve the efficiency of assessment in a large-scale dynamic network. This study offers a feasible approach for quantifying the risk of virus infection in the network community which is valuable for designing and optimizing the virus defense systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2013-210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,17]],"date-time":"2013-08-17T14:14:16Z","timestamp":1376748856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Virus propagation power of the dynamic network"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Fu","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huang","family":"Qingfeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"LanSheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Xiao-Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"782_CR1","volume-title":"Mobile malware menace hits high - McAfee","author":"J Leyden","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leyden J: Mobile malware menace hits high - McAfee. 2007. . Accessed 2 Mar 2007 http:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2007\/02\/12\/mobile_malware\/"},{"issue":"4","key":"782_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570810868344","volume":"108","author":"D-H Shi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shi D-H, Lin B, Chiang H-S, Shih M-H: Security aspects of mobile phone virus: a critical survey. Ind. Manage. Data Syst. 2008, 108(4):478-494. 10.1108\/02635570810868344","journal-title":"Ind. Manage. Data Syst"},{"key":"782_CR3","first-page":"239","volume-title":"Detecting energy-greedy anomalies and mobile malware variants. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Mobile Systems Applications and Services, Breckenridge, 17\u201320 June 2008","author":"H Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim H, Smith J, Shin Kang G: Detecting energy-greedy anomalies and mobile malware variants. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Mobile Systems Applications and Services, Breckenridge, 17\u201320 June 2008. New York: Association for Computing Machinery; 2008:239-252."},{"key":"782_CR4","first-page":"1083","volume-title":"A systematic approach for cell-phone worm containment. Proceedings of the 17th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW08), Beijing, 21\u201325 April 2008","author":"L Xie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Xie L, Song H, Jaeger T, Zhu S: A systematic approach for cell-phone worm containment. Proceedings of the 17th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW08), Beijing, 21\u201325 April 2008. New York: Association for Computing Machinery; 2008:1083-1084."},{"key":"782_CR5","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Stealthy video capturer: a new video-based spyware in 3G smartphones. Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Wireless Network Security(WiSec09), Zurich, 16\u201318 March 2009","author":"N Xu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xu N, Zhang F, Luo Y, Jia W, Xuan W, Teng J: Stealthy video capturer: a new video-based spyware in 3G smartphones. Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Wireless Network Security(WiSec09), Zurich, 16\u201318 March 2009. New York: Association for Computing Machinery; 2009:69-78."},{"issue":"51","key":"782_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22020","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1009094108","volume":"107","author":"M Salathe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Salathe M, Kazandjieva M, Lee JW, Levis P, Feldman MW: A high-resolution human contact network for infectious disease transmission. PNAS 2010, 107(51):22020-22025. 10.1073\/pnas.1009094108","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"15","key":"782_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6306","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011250108","volume":"108","author":"EP Fenichel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fenichel EP, Castillo-Chavez C, Ceddia MG, Chowell G, Parra PA, Hickling GJ, Holloway G, Horan R, Morin B, Perrings C, Springborn M, Valazquez L, Villalobos C: Adaptive human behavior in epidemiological models. PNAS 2011, 108(15):6306-6311. 10.1073\/pnas.1011250108","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"5930","key":"782_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1167053","volume":"324","author":"P Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang P, Gonzalez MC, Hidalgo CA: Understanding the spreading patterns of mobile phone viruses. Science 2009, 324(5930):1071-1076. 10.1126\/science.1167053","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"782_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"99","author":"C Gao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gao C, Liu J: Modeling and restraining mobile virus propagation. T. Mobile Comput. 2012, 99: 1-3.","journal-title":"T. Mobile Comput"},{"key":"782_CR10","first-page":"770","volume-title":"High performance scalable and expressive modeling environment to study mobile malware in large dynamic networks, 25th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, Anchorage, 16\u201320 May 2011","author":"K Channakeshava","year":"2011","unstructured":"Channakeshava K, Bisset K, Kumar VSA, Marathe M, Yardi S: High performance scalable and expressive modeling environment to study mobile malware in large dynamic networks, 25th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, Anchorage, 16\u201320 May 2011. Piscataway: IEEE; 2011:770-781."},{"key":"782_CR11","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Dissecting android malware: characterization and evolution. Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, San Francisco, 20\u201323 May 2012","author":"Z Yajin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yajin Z, Xuxian J: Dissecting android malware: characterization and evolution. Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, San Francisco, 20\u201323 May 2012. Piscataway: IEEE; 2012:95-109."},{"key":"782_CR12","first-page":"999","volume-title":"Random mobility and the spread of infection. IEEE INFOCOM 2011, Shanghai, 10\u201315 April 2011","author":"A Gopalan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gopalan A, Banerjee S, Das AK, Shakkottai S: Random mobility and the spread of infection. IEEE INFOCOM 2011, Shanghai, 10\u201315 April 2011. Piscataway: IEEE; 2011:999-1007."},{"issue":"3","key":"782_CR13","first-page":"6104","volume":"65","author":"R Pastor-Satorras","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pastor-Satorras R, Vespignani A: Immunization of complex networks. Physical 2002, 65(3):6104.","journal-title":"Physical"},{"issue":"5","key":"782_CR14","first-page":"5103","volume":"65","author":"Z Dezso","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dezso Z, Barabasi AL: Halting viruses in scale-free networks. Physical 2002, 65(5):5103.","journal-title":"Physical"},{"issue":"6","key":"782_CR15","first-page":"6109","volume":"65","author":"P Holme","year":"2002","unstructured":"Holme P, Kim BJ: Vertex overload breakdown in evolving networks. Physical 2002, 65(6):6109.","journal-title":"Physical"},{"issue":"5","key":"782_CR16","first-page":"8701","volume":"101","author":"Y Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen Y, Paul G, Havlin S, Liljeros F, Stanley HE: Finding a better immunization strategy. Physical 2008, 101(5):8701.","journal-title":"Physical"},{"issue":"24","key":"782_CR17","first-page":"7901","volume":"91","author":"R Cohen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cohen R, Havlin S, Ben-Averaham D: Efficient immunization strategies for computer networks and populations. Physical 2003, 91(24):7901.","journal-title":"Physical"},{"issue":"6","key":"782_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1209\/epl\/i2004-10286-2","volume":"68","author":"P Holme","year":"2004","unstructured":"Holme P: Efficient local strategies for vaccination and network attack. Europhys. Lett. 2004, 68(6):908-914. 10.1209\/epl\/i2004-10286-2","journal-title":"Europhys. Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"782_CR19","first-page":"5104","volume":"75","author":"LK Gallos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gallos LK, Liljeros F, Argyrakis P, Bunde A, Havlin S: Improving immunization strategies. Physical 2007, 75(4):5104.","journal-title":"Physical"},{"issue":"2","key":"782_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1140\/epjb\/e2006-00041-1","volume":"49","author":"J Gomez-Gardenes","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gomez-Gardenes J, Echenique P, Moreno Y: Immunization of real complex communication networks. Eur. Phys. 2002, 49(2):259-264.","journal-title":"Eur. Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"782_CR21","first-page":"5102","volume":"71","author":"P Echenique","year":"2005","unstructured":"Echenique P, Gomez-Gardenes J, Moreno Y, Vazquez A: Distance-d covering problem in scale-free networks with degree correlation. Physical 2005, 71(3):5102.","journal-title":"Physical"},{"issue":"7","key":"782_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2010.197","volume":"22","author":"C Gao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gao C, Liu J, Zhong N: Network immunization with distributed autonomy-oriented entities. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 2011, 22(7):1222-1229.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst"},{"key":"782_CR23","first-page":"1503","volume-title":"Defending mobile phones from proximity malware. IEEE INFOCOM 2009, Rio de Janeiro, 19\u201325 April 2009","author":"G Zyba","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zyba G, Voelker GM, Liljenstam M, Mehes A, Johansson P: Defending mobile phones from proximity malware. IEEE INFOCOM 2009, Rio de Janeiro, 19\u201325 April 2009. Piscataway: IEEE; 2009:1503-1511."},{"issue":"11","key":"782_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2010.246","volume":"10","author":"P Hui","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hui P, Crowcroft J, Yoneki E: BUBBLE rap: social-based forwarding in delay tolerant networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 2011, 10(11):1576-1589.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput"},{"key":"782_CR25","first-page":"1","volume-title":"CPMC: An efficient proximity malware coping scheme in smartphone-based mobile networks. IEEE INFOCOM 2010, San Diego, 14\u201319 March 2010","author":"F Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li F, Yang Y, Wu J: CPMC: An efficient proximity malware coping scheme in smartphone-based mobile networks. IEEE INFOCOM 2010, San Diego, 14\u201319 March 2010. Piscataway: IEEE; 2010:1-9."},{"issue":"6","key":"782_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2012.72","volume":"9","author":"J Jackson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jackson J, Creese S: Virus propagation in heterogeneous Bluetooth networks with human behaviors. IEEE T. Depend. Secure 2012, 9(6):930-943.","journal-title":"IEEE T. Depend. Secure"},{"key":"782_CR27","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Behavioral detection of malware on mobile handsets, in MobiSys '08. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Mobile Systems Applications and Services, Breckenridge, 17\u201320 June 2008","author":"B Abhijit","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abhijit B, Xin H, Kang S, Taejoon P: Behavioral detection of malware on mobile handsets, in MobiSys '08. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Mobile Systems Applications and Services, Breckenridge, 17\u201320 June 2008. New York: Association for Computing Machinery; 2008:225-238."},{"issue":"7","key":"782_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2010.245","volume":"10","author":"H Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim H, Smith J, Shin KG: On detecting energy-greedy anomalies. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 2011, 10(7):968-981.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"782_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"035108","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.65.035108","volume":"65","author":"P-S Romualdo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Romualdo P-S, Alessandro V: Epidemic dynamics in finite size scale-free networks. Phys. Rev. E 2002, 65(3):035108.","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"782_CR30","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th Network and Distributed System Security Symposium NDSS 2012","author":"YJ Zhou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhou YJ, Wang Z, Zhou W, Jiang XX: Hey, you, get off of my market: detecting malicious apps in official and alternative android markets. In Proceedings of the 19th Network and Distributed System Security Symposium NDSS 2012. San Diego; 2012."},{"key":"782_CR31","first-page":"412","volume-title":"Algorithms","author":"R Sedgewick","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sedgewick R, Wayne K: Algorithms. New Jersey: Addison-Wesley Press; 2011:412-445."}],"container-title":["EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2013-210.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2013-210\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2013-210.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T01:14:57Z","timestamp":1630545297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2013-210"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,17]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["782"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1687-1499-2013-210","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-1499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-1499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 February 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"210"}}