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One of the most important issues in firefighter communication networks (FCNs) is the design of a specialized routing protocol that caters to the specific needs of the fire rescue application. This paper proposes a reliable, energy-balancing, multi-group (REM) routing protocol for an FCN. Since firefighters work in groups, a cluster-based hierarchical approach was adopted. REM is intended to achieve reliability and energy balancing in data communication by incorporating metric-based cluster head (CH) selection, CH rotation among cluster members, and a routing algorithm. Within a cluster, the node with highest metric value based on residual energy and number of connections is chosen as the CH. The CH\u2019s responsibilities are rotated periodically among the cluster members. REM chooses nodes with a higher metric based on residual energy, number of connections, and number of hops to the base station (BS) as the next hop for forwarding data to the BS. This helps to achieve reliability, less delay, and energy balancing when compared with other routing schemes, as evident from the simulation results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2014-66","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]],"date-time":"2014-04-23T19:08:22Z","timestamp":1398280102000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A reliable energy-balancing multi-group (REM) routing protocol for firefighter communication networks"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Mahin K","family":"Atiq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Manzoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Soomi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Najam ul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hyung Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"904_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTC.2013.6675390","volume-title":"the Proceedings of the International Conference on ICT Convergence (ICTC)","author":"MK Atiq","year":"2013","unstructured":"Atiq MK, Kim HS, Manzoor K: Cluster based routing protocol for public safety networks. 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