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As an essential technology for cognitive radio, most existing spectrum sensing methods are designed for time-invariant propagation channel; thus, it could be extremely difficult to achieve acceptable sensing performance when we apply them to deal with time-variant multipath fading channel. In order to overcome this obstacle, we design a novel spectrum sensing method in this investigation. Firstly, a dynamic state-space model is proposed in which two different hidden Markov models are employed to abstract the evolution of primary user state and time-variant multipath flat-fading channel gain. Based on the dynamic state-space model, the spectrum sensing problem is formulated as blind estimation problem. Relying on maximum <jats:italic>a posteriori<\/jats:italic> probability criterion and particle filtering technology, a joint estimation algorithm of the time-variant channel gain and primary user state is presented. Experimental simulations demonstrate the superior performance of our presented sensing scheme, which could be used potentially in realistic cognitive radio systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-1499-2014-84","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,22]],"date-time":"2014-05-22T07:20:33Z","timestamp":1400743233000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Blind spectrum sensing for cognitive radio over time-variant multipath flat-fading channels"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2014","author":[{"given":"Chenglin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mengwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Long","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"922_CR1","volume-title":"Spectrum Policy Task Force Report","author":"Federal Communication Commission","year":"2002","unstructured":"Federal Communication Commission ET Docket, no. 02-155, Nov 02, 2002. 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