{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:38:20Z","timestamp":1791041900460,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,25]],"date-time":"2013-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359072000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Pediatr Endocrinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To compare outcomes between children (&lt;18 yrs) and adults undergoing total thyroidectomy for Graves\u2019 disease (GD) at a high volume, multidisciplinary thyroid center.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Summary of background data<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Reported complication rates for children undergoing surgery for Graves\u2019 disease are worse than for adults.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>100 consecutive patients (32 children; 68 adults) who underwent total thyroidectomy for Graves\u2019 disease (GD) by a high-volume endocrine surgery team from were compared.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The mean patient age was 9.7 yrs (range 3.4-17.9 yrs) in children versus 44.9 yrs (range 18.4-84.2 yrs) in adults. Operative times were longer in children (2.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08 hrs) than in adults (1.66\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03 hrs) (p\u2009=\u20090.003). Pediatric thyroid specimens averaged 38.6.0\u2009\u00b1\u20098.9 gm (range: 9\u2013293 gm) and adult thyroid specimens averaged 48.0\u2009\u00b1\u20096.4 gm (range: 6.6-203 gm) (p\u2009=\u20090.34). Thyroid to body weight ratios were greater in children (0.94\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11 gm\/kg) than adults (0.67\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8 gm\/kg) (p\u2009=\u20090.05). In all patients, the hyperthyroid state resolved after surgery. There was no operative mortality, recurrence, or permanent hypoparathyroidism. Transient post-operative hypocalcemia requiring calcium infusion was greater in children than adults (6\/32 vs. 1\/68; p\u2009=\u20090.004). Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction occurred in two children and in no adults (p\u2009=\u20090.32). Postoperative hematoma occurred in two adults and in no children (p\u2009=\u20090.46). The length of stay was longer for children (1.41\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12 days) than for adults (1.03 \u00b10.03 days) (p\u2009=\u20090.004).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Surgical management of GD is technically more challenging in children as evidenced by longer operative times. Whereas temporary hypocalcemia occurs more commonly in children than adults, the risks of major complications including disease recurrence, permanent hypoparathyroidism, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, or neck hematoma were indistinguishable. These data suggest that excellent and equivalent outcomes can be achieved for GD surgery in children and adults when care is rendered by a high volume, endocrine surgery team.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1687-9856-2013-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,25]],"date-time":"2013-01-25T21:17:30Z","timestamp":1359148650000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Effect of patient Age on surgical outcomes for Graves\u2019 disease: a case\u2013control study of 100 consecutive patients at a high volume thyroid surgical center"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2013","author":[{"given":"Christopher K","family":"Breuer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A","family":"Rivkees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Udelsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"53_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0660","volume":"93","author":"JA Sosa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sosa JA, Tuggle CT, Wang TS: Clinical and economic outcomes of thyroid and parathyroid surgery in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008, 93 (8): 3058-65. 10.1210\/jc.2008-0660.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"53_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2008.08.033","volume":"144","author":"CT Tuggle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tuggle CT, Roman SA, Wang TS: Pediatric endocrine surgery: who is operating on our children?. Surgery. 2008, 144 (6): 869-77. 10.1016\/j.surg.2008.08.033. discussion 877","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"53_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199809000-00005","volume":"228","author":"JA Sosa","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sosa JA, Bowman HM, Tielsch JM: The importance of surgeon experience for clinical and economic outcomes from thyroidectomy. Ann Surg. 1998, 228 (3): 320-30. 10.1097\/00000658-199809000-00005.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"53_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0417","volume":"21","author":"RS Bahn Chair","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bahn Chair RS, Burch HB, Cooper DS: Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: management guidelines of the american thyroid association and american association of clinical endocrinologists. Thyroid. 2011, 21 (6): 593-646.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"3","key":"53_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.17.3.456","volume":"17","author":"RS Bahn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bahn RS, Burch HB, Cooper DS: Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: management guidelines of the american thyroid association and american association of clinical endocrinologists. Endocr Pract. 2011, 17 (3): 456-520.","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"53_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1238","volume":"92","author":"JA Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee JA, Grumbach MM, Clark OH: The optimal treatment for pediatric Graves' disease is surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007, 92 (3): 801-3.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"53_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900016","volume":"20","author":"R Udelsman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Udelsman R, Lakatos E, Ladenson P: Optimal surgery for papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg. 1996, 20 (1): 88-93. 10.1007\/s002689900016.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"53_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010022913415","volume":"1","author":"R Udelsman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Udelsman R: Thyroid cancer surgery. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2000, 1 (3): 155-63. 10.1023\/A:1010022913415.","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"53_CR9","volume-title":"Pediatric Graves' disease: controversies in management","author":"SA Rivkees","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rivkees SA: Pediatric Graves' disease: controversies in management. 2010, Paediatr: Horm Res"},{"key":"53_CR10","volume-title":"Hepatic toxicity following treatment for pediatric Graves\u2019 disease meeting: october 28, 2008","author":"Conference Proceeding","year":"2008","unstructured":"Conference Proceeding: Hepatic toxicity following treatment for pediatric Graves\u2019 disease meeting: october 28, 2008. 2008, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, http:\/\/bpca.nichd.nih.gov\/outreach\/index.cfm 2009. Available at: http:\/\/bpca.nichd.nih.gov\/outreach\/index.cfm. Accessed January 14, 2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"53_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e481","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1535","volume":"121","author":"NS Glaser","year":"2008","unstructured":"Glaser NS, Styne DM: Predicting the likelihood of remission in children with Graves' disease: a prospective, multicenter study. Pediatrics. 2008, 121 (3): e481-8. 10.1542\/peds.2007-1535.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"53_CR12","first-page":"1719","volume":"82","author":"NS Glaser","year":"1997","unstructured":"Glaser NS, Styne DM: Predictors of early remission of hyperthyroidism in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997, 82 (6): 1719-26. 10.1210\/jc.82.6.1719.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"53_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-60-5-1019","volume":"60","author":"JI Hamburger","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hamburger JI: Management of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985, 60 (5): 1019-24. 10.1210\/jcem-60-5-1019.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"53_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3817","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0842","volume":"93","author":"F Kaguelidou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaguelidou F, Alberti C, Castanet M: Predictors of autoimmune hyperthyroidism relapse in children after discontinuation of antithyroid drug treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008, 93 (10): 3817-26. 10.1210\/jc.2008-0842.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"53_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2006.07.040","volume":"140","author":"J Sherman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sherman J, Thompson GB, Lteif A: Surgical management of graves disease in childhood and adolescence: an institutional experience. Surgery. 2006, 140 (6): 1056-61. 10.1016\/j.surg.2006.07.040. discussion 1061\u20132","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"11","key":"53_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0110","volume":"19","author":"DS Cooper","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cooper DS, Doherty GM, Haugen BR: Revised american thyroid association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2009, 19 (11): 1167-214. 10.1089\/thy.2009.0110.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"2","key":"53_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1997.7.247","volume":"7","author":"H Peters","year":"1997","unstructured":"Peters H, Fischer C, Bogner U: Treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism with radioiodine: results of a prospective randomized study. Thyroid. 1997, 7 (2): 247-51. 10.1089\/thy.1997.7.247.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"53_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.4.745","volume":"111","author":"SA Rivkees","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rivkees SA, Cornelius EA: Influence of iodine-131 dose on the outcome of hyperthyroidism in children. Pediatrics. 2003, 111 (4 Pt 1): 745-9.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"53_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-38-6-976","volume":"38","author":"BM Dobyns","year":"1974","unstructured":"Dobyns BM, Sheline GE, Workman JB: Malignant and benign neoplasms of the thyroid in patients treated for hyperthyroidism: a report of the cooperative thyrotoxicosis therapy follow-up study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1974, 38: 976-998. 10.1210\/jcem-38-6-976.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1687-9856-2013-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1687-9856-2013-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1687-9856-2013-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T22:05:48Z","timestamp":1630533948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijpeonline.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1687-9856-2013-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,25]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["53"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1687-9856-2013-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-9856"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-9856","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 December 2012","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2012","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"1"}}