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Characterizing immune TRIMs in other vertebrates may enlighten their complex evolution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We describe here a large new subfamily of TRIMs in teleosts, called finTRIMs, identified in rainbow trout as virus-induced transcripts. FinTRIMs are formed of nearly identical RING\/B-box regions and C-termini of variable length; the long variants include a B30.2 domain. The zebrafish genome harbors a striking diversity of finTRIMs, with 84 genes distributed in clusters on different chromosomes. A phylogenetic analysis revealed different subsets suggesting lineage-specific diversification events. Accordingly, the number of\n                      <jats:italic>fintrim<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes varies greatly among fish species. Conserved syntenies were observed only for the oldest\n                      <jats:italic>fintrims<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The closest mammalian relatives are\n                      <jats:italic>trim16<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>trim25<\/jats:italic>\n                      , but they are not true orthologs. The B30.2 domain of zebrafish finTRIMs evolved under strong positive selection. The positions under positive selection are remarkably congruent in finTRIMs and in mammalian antiviral TRIM5\u03b1, concentrated within a viral recognition motif in mammals. The B30.2 domains most closely related to finTRIM are found among NOD-like receptors (NLR), indicating that the evolution of TRIMs and NLRs was intertwined by exon shuffling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The diversity, evolution, and features of finTRIMs suggest an important role in fish innate immunity; this would make them the first TRIMs involved in immunity identified outside mammals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-7-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]],"date-time":"2009-02-05T11:28:19Z","timestamp":1233833299000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["A large new subset of TRIM genes highly diversified by duplication and positive selection in teleost fish"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Lieke M","family":"van der Aa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Levraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malika","family":"Yahmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Lauret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Briolat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Herbomel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdenour","family":"Benmansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Boudinot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"215_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.9.2140","volume":"20","author":"A Reymond","year":"2001","unstructured":"Reymond A, Meroni G, Fantozzi A, Merla G, Cairo S, Luzi L, Riganelli D, Zanaria E, Messali S, Cainarca S, Guffanti A, Minucci S, Pelicci PG, Ballabio A: The tripartite motif family identifies cell compartments. 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