{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T06:15:25Z","timestamp":1782713725297,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]],"date-time":"2011-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294617600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication during and after a hospital admission. Although it is mainly considered a complication of surgery, it often occurs in people who have not undergone surgery, with recent evidence suggesting that immune-mediated diseases may play a role in VTE risk. We, therefore, decided to study the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in people admitted to hospital with a range of immune-mediated diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed databases of linked statistical records of hospital admissions and death certificates for the Oxford Record Linkage Study area (ORLS1:1968 to 1998 and ORLS2:1999 to 2008) and the whole of England (1999 to 2008). Rate ratios for VTE were determined, comparing immune-mediated disease cohorts with comparison cohorts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significantly elevated risks of VTE were found, in all three populations studied, in people with a hospital record of admission for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, chronic active hepatitis, dermatomyositis\/polymyositis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, myxoedema, pemphigus\/pemphigoid, polyarteritis nodosa, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Rate ratios were considerably higher for some of these diseases than others: for example, for systemic lupus erythematosus the rate ratios were 3.61 (2.36 to 5.31) in the ORLS1 population, 4.60 (3.19 to 6.43) in ORLS2 and 3.71 (3.43 to 4.02) in the England dataset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>People admitted to hospital with immune-mediated diseases may be at an increased risk of subsequent VTE. Our findings need independent confirmation or refutation; but, if confirmed, there may be a role for thromboprophylaxis in some patients with these diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,25]],"date-time":"2011-01-25T07:16:37Z","timestamp":1295939797000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":275,"title":["Risk of venous thromboembolism in people admitted to hospital with selected immune-mediated diseases: record-linkage study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sreeram V","family":"Ramagopalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare J","family":"Wotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam E","family":"Handel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Yeates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Goldacre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"350_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07517.x","volume":"144","author":"BJ Hunt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hunt BJ: The prevention of hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism in the United Kingdom. Br J Haematol. 2009, 144: 642-652. 10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07517.x.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"350_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1160\/TH07-03-0212","volume":"98","author":"AT Cohen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cohen AT, Agnelli G, Anderson FA, Arcelus JI, Bergqvist D, Brecht JG, Greer IA, Heit JA, Hutchinson JL, Kakkar AK, et al: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Europe. The number of VTE events and associated morbidity and mortality. Thromb Haemost. 2007, 98: 756-764.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"350_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60202-0","volume":"371","author":"AT Cohen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cohen AT, Tapson VF, Bergmann JF, Goldhaber SZ, Kakkar AK, Deslandes B, Huang W, Zayaruzny M, Emery L, Anderson FA: Venous thromboembolism risk and prophylaxis in the acute hospital care setting (ENDORSE study): a multinational cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2008, 371: 387-394. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60202-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"350_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.33","volume":"6","author":"GJ Stashenko","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stashenko GJ, Tapson VF: Prevention of venous thromboembolism in medical patients and outpatients. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2009, 6: 356-363. 10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.33.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"350_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grainge MJ, West J, Card TR: Venous thromboembolism during active disease and remission in inflammatory bowel disease: a cohort study. Lancet. 375: 657-663. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61963-2.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61963-2"},{"key":"350_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1160\/TH08-08-0551","volume":"101","author":"F Matta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matta F, Singala R, Yaekoub AY, Najjar R, Stein PD: Risk of venous thromboembolism with rheumatoid arthritis. Thromb Haemost. 2009, 101: 134-138.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"350_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31818bbb8b","volume":"337","author":"PD Stein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stein PD, Goldman J, Matta F, Yaekoub AY: Diabetes mellitus and risk of venous thromboembolism. Am J Med Sci. 2009, 337: 259-264. 10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31818bbb8b.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"350_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000091181.93122.55","volume":"82","author":"R Cervera","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cervera R, Khamashta MA, Font J, Sebastiani GD, Gil A, Lavilla P, Mejia JC, Aydintug AO, Chwalinska-Sadowska H, de Ramon E, et al: Morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus during a 10-year period: a comparison of early and late manifestations in a cohort of 1,000 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2003, 82: 299-308. 10.1097\/01.md.0000091181.93122.55.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"350_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/93.10.669","volume":"93","author":"M Goldacre","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goldacre M, Kurina L, Yeates D, Seagroatt V, Gill L: Use of large medical databases to study associations between diseases. QJM. 2000, 93: 669-675. 10.1093\/qjmed\/93.10.669.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"350_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.175463","volume":"81","author":"AF Fois","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fois AF, Wotton CJ, Yeates D, Turner MR, Goldacre MJ: Cancer in patients with motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease: record linkage studies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010, 81: 215-221. 10.1136\/jnnp.2009.175463.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"350_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3282f2a5e2","volume":"20","author":"MJ Goldacre","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goldacre MJ, Wotton CJ, Yeates D, Seagroatt V, Jewell D: Cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and coeliac disease: record linkage study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008, 20: 297-304. 10.1097\/MEG.0b013e3282f2a5e2.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"350_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808001659","volume":"137","author":"MJ Goldacre","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goldacre MJ, Wotton CJ, Yeates DG: Cancer and immune-mediated disease in people who have had meningococcal disease: record-linkage studies. Epidemiol Infect. 2009, 137: 681-687. 10.1017\/S0950268808001659.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"350_CR13","first-page":"103","volume-title":"IARC Scientific Publication No. 82","author":"NE Breslow","year":"1987","unstructured":"Breslow NE, Day NE: Statistical methods in cancer research, Volume II. The design and anlaysis of cohort studies. IARC Scientific Publication No. 82. 1987, Lyon: International Agency for Research in Cancer, 103-115."},{"key":"350_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71880-8","volume":"365","author":"PA Kyrle","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kyrle PA, Eichinger S: Deep vein thrombosis. Lancet. 2005, 365: 1163-1174. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71880-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"350_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1160\/TH04-10-0652","volume":"94","author":"B Jilma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jilma B, Cvitko T, Winter-Fabry A, Petroczi K, Quehenberger P, Blann AD: High dose dexamethasone increases circulating P-selectin and von Willebrand factor levels in healthy men. Thromb Haemost. 2005, 94: 797-801.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"350_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1617146","volume":"30","author":"J Xu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu J, Lupu F, Esmon CT: Inflammation, innate immunity and blood coagulation. Hamostaseologie. 2010, 30: 5-6. 8-9","journal-title":"Hamostaseologie"},{"key":"350_CR17","volume-title":"Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur wissenschaftliche Medicin","author":"R Virchow","year":"1856","unstructured":"Virchow R: Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur wissenschaftliche Medicin. 1856, Frankfurt: Verlag von Meidlinger Sohn"},{"key":"350_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1160\/TH05-04-0266","volume":"94","author":"EA Fox","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fox EA, Kahn SR: The relationship between inflammation and venous thrombosis. A systematic review of clinical studies. Thromb Haemost. 2005, 94: 362-365.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"350_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000131660.51520.9A","volume":"109","author":"M Levi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Levi M, van der Poll T, Buller HR: Bidirectional relation between inflammation and coagulation. Circulation. 2004, 109: 2698-2704. 10.1161\/01.CIR.0000131660.51520.9A.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"350_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morange PE, Bezemer I, Saut N, Bare L, Burgos G, Brocheton J, Durand H, Biron-Andreani C, Schved JF, Pernod G, et al: A follow-up study of a genome-wide association scan identifies a susceptibility locus for venous thrombosis on chromosome 6p24.1. Am J Hum Genet. 86: 592-595. 10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.02.011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.02.011"},{"key":"350_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68474-2","volume":"367","author":"L Smeeth","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smeeth L, Cook C, Thomas S, Hall AJ, Hubbard R, Vallance P: Risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after acute infection in a community setting. Lancet. 2006, 367: 1075-1079. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68474-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"350_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b4583","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b4583","volume":"339","author":"S Sweetland","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sweetland S, Green J, Liu B, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Canonico M, Reeves G, Beral V: Duration and magnitude of the postoperative risk of venous thromboembolism in middle aged women: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2009, 339: b4583-10.1136\/bmj.b4583.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"350_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c95","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c95","volume":"340","author":"J Hill","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hill J, Treasure T: Reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients admitted to hospital: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2010, 340: c95-10.1136\/bmj.c95.","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["BMC Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1741-7015-9-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1741-7015-9-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1741-7015-9-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1741-7015-9-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,4]],"date-time":"2023-06-04T23:45:31Z","timestamp":1685922331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1741-7015-9-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1741-7015-9-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-7015"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-7015","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 August 2010","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"1"}}