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In portal vein ligated rats, portal hypertensive enteropathy, hepatic steatosis and portal hypertensive encephalopathy show phenotypes during their development that can be considered inflammatory, such as: ischemia-reperfusion (vasodilatory response), infiltration by inflammatory cells (mast cells) and bacteria (intestinal translocation of endotoxins and bacteria) and lastly, angiogenesis. Similar inflammatory phenotypes, worsened by chronic liver disease (with anti-oxidant and anti-enzymatic ability reduction) characterize the evolution of portal hypertension and its complications (hepatorenal syndrome, ascites and esophageal variceal hemorrhage) in humans.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Low-grade inflammation, related to prehepatic portal hypertension, switches to high-grade inflammation with the development of severe and life-threatening complications when associated with chronic liver disease.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-4-44","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,13]],"date-time":"2007-11-13T19:16:32Z","timestamp":1194981392000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Inflammation: a way to understanding the evolution of portal hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda-Angeles","family":"Aller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge-Luis","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"150_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1159\/000084720","volume":"23","author":"G Treiber","year":"2005","unstructured":"Treiber G, Cseppregi A, Malfertheiner P: The pathophysiology of portal hypertension. 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