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The influence of persistent CMV on the outcome of an acute retroviral superinfection is still unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here we show that a persistent murine CMV (mCMV) infection surprisingly confers higher resistance to a primary Friend retrovirus infection (FV) of mice. Decreased FV titers and augmented FV-specific CD8 T-cell responses were found in mCMV infected mice during primary FV superinfection. NK cells produced higher amounts of IFNgamma after FV infection of persistently mCMV infected mice suggesting that these cells were involved in the \u2018protective\u2019 effect. Depletion of NK1.1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells or neutralization of IFNgamma during FV superinfection abrogated the mCMV-mediated effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data demonstrate for the first time that a persistent CMV infection induces long-lasting NK cell responses that can enhance immunity to primary retroviral infections. To our knowledge, studies investigating primary HIV infection have not analyzed the role of the CMV seropositivity in these patients. Our observations suggest that NK cells in CMV seropositive individuals might contribute to the control of primary HIV infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-10-58","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,5]],"date-time":"2013-06-05T12:20:49Z","timestamp":1370434849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["NK cells improve control of friend virus infection in mice persistently infected with murine cytomegalovirus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Francois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"Duppach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Gibbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Dittmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anke RM","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"3989_CR1","volume-title":"Human Herpesviruses: Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis","author":"Y Mori","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mori Y, Yamanishi K: HHV-6A, 6B, and 7: pathogenesis, host response, and clinical disease. 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