{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T01:25:45Z","timestamp":1791077145562,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Retrovirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Human trophoblast expresses two fusogenic retroviral envelope proteins, the widely studied syncytin 1, encoded by HERV-W and the recently characterized syncytin 2 encoded by HERV-FRD. Here we studied syncytin 2 in normal and Trisomy 21-affected placenta associated with abnormal trophoblast differentiation. Syncytin 2 immunolocalization was restricted throughout normal pregnancy to some villous cytotrophoblastic cells (CT). During the second trimester of pregnancy, syncytin 2 was immunolocalized in some cuboidal CT in T21 placentas, whereas in normal placentas it was observed in flat CT, extending into their cytoplasmic processes. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, CT isolated from normal placenta fuse and differentiate into syncytiotrophoblast. At the same time, syncytin 2 transcript levels decreased significantly with syncytiotrophoblast formation. In contrast, CT isolated from T21-affected placentas fused and differentiated poorly and no variation in syncytin 2 transcript levels was observed. Syncytin 2 expression illustrates the abnormal trophoblast differentiation observed in placenta of fetal T21-affected pregnancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-5-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,25]],"date-time":"2008-01-25T19:13:24Z","timestamp":1201288404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Human endogenous retrovirus-FRD envelope protein (syncytin 2) expression in normal and trisomy 21-affected placenta"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Malassin\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Louis","family":"Frendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Blaise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Handschuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Gerbaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vassilis","family":"Tsatsaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Heidmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dani\u00e8le","family":"Evain-Brion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1-4","key":"831_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1159\/000084964","volume":"110","author":"N de Parseval","year":"2005","unstructured":"de Parseval N, Heidmann T: Human endogenous retroviruses: from infectious elements to human genes. Cytogenet Genome Res. 2005, 110 (1-4): 318-332. 10.1159\/000084964.","journal-title":"Cytogenet Genome Res"},{"issue":"6822","key":"831_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/35057062","volume":"409","author":"ES Lander","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, Nusbaum C, Zody MC, Baldwin J, Devon K, Dewar K, Doyle M, FitzHugh W, Funke R, Gage D, Harris K, Heaford A, Howland J, Kann L, Lehoczky J, LeVine R, McEwan P, McKernan K, Meldrim J, Mesirov JP, Miranda C, Morris W, Naylor J, Raymond C, Rosetti M, Santos R, Sheridan A, Sougnez C, Stange-Thomann N, Stojanovic N, Subramanian A, Wyman D, Rogers J, Sulston J, Ainscough R, Beck S, Bentley D, Burton J, Clee C, Carter N, Coulson A, Deadman R, Deloukas P, Dunham A, Dunham I, Durbin R, French L, Grafham D, Gregory S, Hubbard T, Humphray S, Hunt A, Jones M, Lloyd C, McMurray A, Matthews L, Mercer S, Milne S, Mullikin JC, Mungall A, Plumb R, Ross M, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Waterston RH, Wilson RK, Hillier LW, McPherson JD, Marra MA, Mardis ER, Fulton LA, Chinwalla AT, Pepin KH, Gish WR, Chissoe SL, Wendl MC, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Delehaunty A, Kramer JB, Cook LL, Fulton RS, Johnson DL, Minx PJ, Clifton SW, Hawkins T, Branscomb E, Predki P, Richardson P, Wenning S, Slezak T, Doggett N, Cheng JF, Olsen A, Lucas S, Elkin C, Uberbacher E, Frazier M, Gibbs RA, Muzny DM, Scherer SE, Bouck JB, Sodergren EJ, Worley KC, Rives CM, Gorrell JH, Metzker ML, Naylor SL, Kucherlapati RS, Nelson DL, Weinstock GM, Sakaki Y, Fujiyama A, Hattori M, Yada T, Toyoda A, Itoh T, Kawagoe C, Watanabe H, Totoki Y, Taylor T, Weissenbach J, Heilig R, Saurin W, Artiguenave F, Brottier P, Bruls T, Pelletier E, Robert C, Wincker P, Smith DR, Doucette-Stamm L, Rubenfield M, Weinstock K, Lee HM, Dubois J, Rosenthal A, Platzer M, Nyakatura G, Taudien S, Rump A, Yang H, Yu J, Wang J, Huang G, Gu J, Hood L, Rowen L, Madan A, Qin S, Davis RW, Federspiel NA, Abola AP, Proctor MJ, Myers RM, Schmutz J, Dickson M, Grimwood J, Cox DR, Olson MV, Kaul R, Raymond C, Shimizu N, Kawasaki K, Minoshima S, Evans GA, Athanasiou M, Schultz R, Roe BA, Chen F, Pan H, Ramser J, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, McCombie WR, de la Bastide M, Dedhia N, Blocker H, Hornischer K, Nordsiek G, Agarwala R, Aravind L, Bailey JA, Bateman A, Batzoglou S, Birney E, Bork P, Brown DG, Burge CB, Cerutti L, Chen HC, Church D, Clamp M, Copley RR, Doerks T, Eddy SR, Eichler EE, Furey TS, Galagan J, Gilbert JG, Harmon C, Hayashizaki Y, Haussler D, Hermjakob H, Hokamp K, Jang W, Johnson LS, Jones TA, Kasif S, Kaspryzk A, Kennedy S, Kent WJ, Kitts P, Koonin EV, Korf I, Kulp D, Lancet D, Lowe TM, McLysaght A, Mikkelsen T, Moran JV, Mulder N, Pollara VJ, Ponting CP, Schuler G, Schultz J, Slater G, Smit AF, Stupka E, Szustakowski J, Thierry-Mieg D, Thierry-Mieg J, Wagner L, Wallis J, Wheeler R, Williams A, Wolf YI, Wolfe KH, Yang SP, Yeh RF, Collins F, Guyer MS, Peterson J, Felsenfeld A, Wetterstrand KA, Patrinos A, Morgan MJ, de Jong P, Catanese JJ, Osoegawa K, Shizuya H, Choi S, Chen YJ: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature. 2001, 409 (6822): 860-921. 10.1038\/35057062.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"19","key":"831_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10414","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.19.10414-10422.2003","volume":"77","author":"N de Parseval","year":"2003","unstructured":"de Parseval N, Lazar V, Casella JF, Benit L, Heidmann T: Survey of human genes of retroviral origin: identification and transcriptome of the genes with coding capacity for complete envelope proteins. J Virol. 2003, 77 (19): 10414-10422. 10.1128\/JVI.77.19.10414-10422.2003.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"22","key":"831_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13013","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2132646100","volume":"100","author":"S Blaise","year":"2003","unstructured":"Blaise S, de Parseval N, Benit L, Heidmann T: Genomewide screening for fusogenic human endogenous retrovirus envelopes identifies syncytin 2, a gene conserved on primate evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003, 100 (22): 13013-13018. 10.1073\/pnas.2132646100.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"7","key":"831_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.7.3321-3329.2000","volume":"74","author":"JL Blond","year":"2000","unstructured":"Blond JL, Lavillette D, Cheynet V, Bouton O, Oriol G, Chapel-Fernandes S, Mandrand B, Mallet F, Cosset FL: An envelope glycoprotein of the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W is expressed in the human placenta and fuses cells expressing the type D mammalian retrovirus receptor. J Virol. 2000, 74 (7): 3321-3329. 10.1128\/JVI.74.7.3321-3329.2000.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"6771","key":"831_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/35001608","volume":"403","author":"S Mi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mi S, Lee X, Li X, Veldman GM, Finnerty H, Racie L, LaVallie E, Tang XY, Edouard P, Howes S, Keith JC, McCoy JM: Syncytin is a captive retroviral envelope protein involved in human placental morphogenesis. Nature. 2000, 403 (6771): 785-789. 10.1038\/35001608.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"831_CR7","volume-title":"4th edition","author":"K Bernischke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bernischke K, Kaufmann P: Pathology of the human placenta. 4th edition. Edited by: Springer . 2000, New-York"},{"issue":"2","key":"831_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-2-288","volume":"73","author":"E Alsat","year":"1991","unstructured":"Alsat E, Mirlesse V, Fondacci C, Dodeur M, Evain-Brion D: Parathyroid hormone increases epidermal growth factor receptors in cultured human trophoblastic cells from early and term placenta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991, 73 (2): 288-295.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"831_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-118-4-1567","volume":"118","author":"HJ Kliman","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kliman HJ, Nestler JE, Sermasi E, Sanger JM, Strauss JF: Purification, characterization, and in vitro differentiation of cytotrophoblasts from human term placentae. Endocrinology. 1986, 118 (4): 1567-1582.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"10","key":"831_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3700","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.10.3700","volume":"85","author":"JL Frendo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Frendo JL, Vidaud M, Guibourdenche J, Luton D, Muller F, Bellet D, Giovagrandi Y, Tarrade A, Porquet D, Blot P, Evain-Brion D: Defect of villous cytotrophoblast differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast in Down's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000, 85 (10): 3700-3707. 10.1210\/jc.85.10.3700.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"831_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.01.007","volume":"25 Suppl A","author":"G Pidoux","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pidoux G, Guibourdenche J, Frendo JL, Gerbaud P, Conti M, Luton D, Muller F, Evain-Brion D: Impact of trisomy 21 on human trophoblast behaviour and hormonal function. Placenta. 2004, 25 Suppl A: S79-84. 10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.01.007.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"2","key":"831_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030668","volume":"89","author":"JL Frendo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Frendo JL, Guibourdenche J, Pidoux G, Vidaud M, Luton D, Giovangrandi Y, Porquet D, Muller F, Evain-Brion D: Trophoblast production of a weakly bioactive human chorionic gonadotropin in trisomy 21-affected pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004, 89 (2): 727-732. 10.1210\/jc.2003-030668.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"831_CR13","volume-title":"Endocrinology","author":"G Pidoux","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pidoux G, Gerbaud P, Marpeau O, Guibourdenche J, Ferreira F, Badet J, Evain-Brion D, Frendo JL: Human placental development is impaired by abnormal hCG signaling in trisomy 21 pregnancies. Endocrinology. 2007"},{"issue":"Pt 16","key":"831_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00648","volume":"116","author":"JL Frendo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Frendo JL, Cronier L, Bertin G, Guibourdenche J, Vidaud M, Evain-Brion D, Malassine A: Involvement of connexin 43 in human trophoblast cell fusion and differentiation. J Cell Sci. 2003, 116 (Pt 16): 3413-3421. 10.1242\/jcs.00648.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"831_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.09.002","volume":"26","author":"A Malassine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Malassine A, Handschuh K, Tsatsaris V, Gerbaud P, Cheynet V, Oriol G, Mallet F, Evain-Brion D: Expression of HERV-W Env glycoprotein (syncytin) in the extravillous trophoblast of first trimester human placenta. Placenta. 2005, 26 (7): 556-562. 10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.09.002.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"831_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81412-0","volume":"87","author":"A Muir","year":"2006","unstructured":"Muir A, Lever AM, Moffett A: Human endogenous retrovirus-W envelope (syncytin) is expressed in both villous and extravillous trophoblast populations. J Gen Virol. 2006, 87 (Pt 7): 2067-2071. 10.1099\/vir.0.81412-0.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"831_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3566","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.10.3566-3574.2003","volume":"23","author":"JL Frendo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Frendo JL, Olivier D, Cheynet V, Blond JL, Bouton O, Vidaud M, Rabreau M, Evain-Brion D, Mallet F: Direct involvement of HERV-W Env glycoprotein in human trophoblast cell fusion and differentiation. Mol Cell Biol. 2003, 23 (10): 3566-3574. 10.1128\/MCB.23.10.3566-3574.2003.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"831_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2006.03.001","volume":"28","author":"A Malassine","year":"2007","unstructured":"Malassine A, Blaise S, Handschuh K, Lalucque H, Dupressoir A, Evain-Brion D, Heidmann T: Expression of the Fusogenic HERV-FRD Env Glycoprotein (Syncytin 2) in Human Placenta is Restricted to Villous Cytotrophoblastic Cells. Placenta. 2007, 28 (2-3): 185-191. 10.1016\/j.placenta.2006.03.001.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"4","key":"831_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-1878(199804)20:4<307::AID-BIES7>3.0.CO;2-M","volume":"20","author":"JR Harris","year":"1998","unstructured":"Harris JR: Placental endogenous retrovirus (ERV): structural, functional, and evolutionary significance. Bioessays. 1998, 20 (4): 307-316. 10.1002\/(SICI)1521-1878(199804)20:4<307::AID-BIES7>3.0.CO;2-M.","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"issue":"1","key":"831_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.1998.0337","volume":"20","author":"L Lin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lin L, Xu B, Rote NS: Expression of endogenous retrovirus ERV-3 induces differentiation in BeWo, a choriocarcinoma model of human placental trophoblast. Placenta. 1999, 20 (1): 109-118. 10.1053\/plac.1998.0337.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"1","key":"831_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.1999.0443","volume":"21","author":"L Lin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lin L, Xu B, Rote NS: The cellular mechanism by which the human endogenous retrovirus ERV-3 env gene affects proliferation and differentiation in a human placental trophoblast model, BeWo. Placenta. 2000, 21 (1): 73-78. 10.1053\/plac.1999.0443.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"4","key":"831_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3442","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.4.3442-3445.1998","volume":"72","author":"N de Parseval","year":"1998","unstructured":"de Parseval N, Heidmann T: Physiological knockout of the envelope gene of the single-copy ERV-3 human endogenous retrovirus in a fraction of the Caucasian population. J Virol. 1998, 72 (4): 3442-3445.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"831_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.056127","volume":"76","author":"M Mori","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mori M, Ishikawa G, Luo SS, Mishima T, Goto T, Robinson JM, Matsubara S, Takeshita T, Kataoka H, Takizawa T: The cytotrophoblast layer of human chorionic villi becomes thinner but maintains its structural integrity during gestation. Biol Reprod. 2007, 76 (1): 164-172. 10.1095\/biolreprod.106.056127.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"831_CR24","first-page":"345","volume":"12","author":"D Oberweis","year":"1983","unstructured":"Oberweis D, Gillerot Y, Koulischer L, Hustin J, Philippe E: [The placenta in trisomy in the last trimester of pregnancy]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 1983, 12 (4): 345-349.","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris)"},{"issue":"7","key":"831_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2000.0553","volume":"21","author":"L Roberts","year":"2000","unstructured":"Roberts L, Sebire NJ, Fowler D, Nicolaides KH: Histomorphological features of chorionic villi at 10-14 weeks of gestation in trisomic and chromosomally normal pregnancies. Placenta. 2000, 21 (7): 678-683. 10.1053\/plac.2000.0553.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"11","key":"831_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5403","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0589","volume":"148","author":"G Pidoux","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pidoux G, Gerbaud P, Marpeau O, Guibourdenche J, Ferreira F, Badet J, Evain-Brion D, Frendo JL: Human placental development is impaired by abnormal human chorionic gonadotropin signaling in trisomy 21 pregnancies. Endocrinology. 2007, 148 (11): 5403-5413. 10.1210\/en.2007-0589.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"831_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-3-41","volume":"3","author":"V Cheynet","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cheynet V, Oriol G, Mallet F: Identification of the hASCT2-binding domain of the Env ERVWE1\/syncytin-1 fusogenic glycoprotein. Retrovirology. 2006, 3: 41-10.1186\/1742-4690-3-41.","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"issue":"3","key":"831_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406509102","volume":"102","author":"A Dupressoir","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dupressoir A, Marceau G, Vernochet C, Benit L, Kanellopoulos C, Sapin V, Heidmann T: Syncytin-A and syncytin-B, two fusogenic placenta-specific murine envelope genes of retroviral origin conserved in Muridae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005, 102 (3): 725-730. 10.1073\/pnas.0406509102.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"39","key":"831_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14390","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603836103","volume":"103","author":"KA Dunlap","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dunlap KA, Palmarini M, Varela M, Burghardt RC, Hayashi K, Farmer JL, Spencer TE: Endogenous retroviruses regulate periimplantation placental growth and differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006, 103 (39): 14390-14395. 10.1073\/pnas.0603836103.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1-4","key":"831_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1159\/000084967","volume":"110","author":"S Prudhomme","year":"2005","unstructured":"Prudhomme S, Bonnaud B, Mallet F: Endogenous retroviruses and animal reproduction. Cytogenet Genome Res. 2005, 110 (1-4): 353-364. 10.1159\/000084967.","journal-title":"Cytogenet Genome Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"831_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1159\/000107535","volume":"20","author":"R Gong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gong R, Huang L, Shi J, Luo K, Qiu G, Feng H, Tien P, Xiao G: Syncytin-A mediates the formation of syncytiotrophoblast involved in mouse placental development. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2007, 20 (5): 517-526. 10.1159\/000107535.","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"}],"container-title":["Retrovirology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1742-4690-5-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T01:13:22Z","timestamp":1630458802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/retrovirology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1742-4690-5-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,23]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["831"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-4690-5-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-4690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-4690","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 October 2007","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2008","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2008","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"6"}}