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Antibody profiles were correlated with viral load and examined in longitudinal samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti-GAG antibody titers detected by LIPS differentiated HTLV-infected subjects from uninfected controls with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, but did not differ between HTLV-I infected subgroups. However, anti-Env antibody titers were over 4-fold higher in HAM\/TSP compared to both asymptomatic HTLV-I (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.0001) and ATLL patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.0005). Anti-Env antibody titers above 100,000 LU had 75% positive predictive value and 79% negative predictive value for identifying the HAM\/TSP sub-type. Anti-Tax antibody titers were also higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.0005) in the HAM\/TSP compared to the asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers. Proviral load correlated with anti-Env antibodies in asymptomatic carriers (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>= 0.76), but not in HAM\/TSP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These studies indicate that anti-HTLV-I antibody responses detected by LIPS are useful for diagnosis and suggest that elevated anti-Env antibodies are a common feature found in HAM\/TSP patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-5-96","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,21]],"date-time":"2008-10-21T06:14:03Z","timestamp":1224569643000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Anti-HTLV antibody profiling reveals an antibody signature for HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathy\/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM\/TSP)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Peter D","family":"Burbelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Meoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah P","family":"Leahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jhanelle","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Unsong","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E","family":"Janik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Mahieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatah","family":"Kashanchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Iadarola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"921_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6058","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208968","volume":"24","author":"FA Proietti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Proietti FA, Carneiro-Proietti AB, Catalan-Soares BC, Murphy EL: Global epidemiology of HTLV-I infection and associated diseases. 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