{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:54:14Z","timestamp":1791222854335,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,28]],"date-time":"2010-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272412800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Retrovirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-7-39","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]],"date-time":"2010-06-01T18:13:50Z","timestamp":1275416030000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["HIV-1 recombinants with multiple parental strains in low-prevalence, remote regions of Cameroon: Evolutionary relics?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jean K","family":"Carr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan D","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith N","family":"Torimiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ubald","family":"Tamoufe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Mpoudi-Ngole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Eyzaguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah L","family":"Birx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francine E","family":"McCutchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald S","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1842_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3891","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.7.3891-3902.2005","volume":"79","author":"PM Sharp","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sharp PM, Shaw GM, Hahn BH: Simian immunodeficiency virus infection of chimpanzees. J Virol. 2005, 79: 3891-3902. 10.1128\/JVI.79.7.3891-3902.2005.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1842_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.06.018","volume":"368","author":"F Van Heuverswyn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Van Heuverswyn F, Li Y, Bailes E, Neel C, Lafay B, Keele BF, Shaw KS, Takehisa J, Kraus MH, Loul S, Butel C, Liegeois F, Yangda B, Sharp PM, Mpoudi-Ngole E, Delaporte E, Hahn BH, Peeters M: Genetic diversity and phylogeographic clustering of SIVcpzPtt in wild chimpanzees in Cameroon. Virology. 2007, 368: 155-171. 10.1016\/j.virol.2007.06.018.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"1842_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1126531","volume":"313","author":"BF Keele","year":"2006","unstructured":"Keele BF, Van Heuverswyn F, Li Y, Bailes E, Takehisa J, Santiago ML, Bibollet-Ruche F, Chen Y, Wain LV, Liegeois F, Loul S, Ngole EM, Bienvenue Y, Delaporte E, Brookfield JF, Sharp PM, Shaw GM, Peeters M, Hahn BH: Chimpanzee reservoirs of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1. Science. 2006, 313: 523-526. 10.1126\/science.1126531.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1842_CR4","first-page":"319","volume":"32","author":"J Torimiro","year":"2009","unstructured":"Torimiro J, D'Arrigo R, Takou D, Nanfack A, Pizzi D, Ngong I, Carr JK, Joseph FP, Perno C-F, Cappelli G: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Intersubtype Recombinants Predominate in the AIDS Epidemic in Cameroon. New Microbiologica. 2009, 32: 319-329.","journal-title":"New Microbiologica"},{"key":"1842_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2007.0213","volume":"24","author":"O Turriziani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Turriziani O, Russo G, Lichtner M, Stano A, Tsague G, Maida P, Vullo V, Antonelli G: Study of the genotypic resistant pattern in HIV-infected women and children from rural west Cameroon. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2008, 24: 781-785. 10.1089\/aid.2007.0213.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"1842_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00428-07","volume":"46","author":"N Ndembi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ndembi N, Abraha A, Pilch H, Ichimura H, Mbanya D, Kaptue L, Salata R, Arts EJ: Molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 in Yaounde, Cameroon: evidence of major drug resistance mutations in newly diagnosed patients infected with subtypes other than subtype B. J Clin Microbiol. 2008, 46: 177-184. 10.1128\/JCM.00428-07.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1842_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2008.0124","volume":"24","author":"KC Luk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Luk KC, Holzmayer V, Ndembi N, Swanson P, Brennan CA, Ngansop C, Mbanya D, Kaptue L, Gurtler L, Devare SG, Hackett J: Near full-length genome characterization of an HIV type 1 CRF25_cpx strain from Cameroon. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2008, 24: 1309-1314. 10.1089\/aid.2008.0124.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"1842_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31818a6561","volume":"49","author":"CA Brennan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brennan CA, Bodelle P, Coffey R, Devare SG, Golden A, Hackett J, Harris B, Holzmayer V, Luk KC, Schochetman G, Swanson P, Yamaguchi J, Vallari A, Ndembi N, Ngansop C, Makamche F, Mbanya D, G\u00fcrtler LG, Zekeng L, Kaptu\u00e9 L: The prevalence of diverse HIV-1 strains was stable in Cameroonian blood donors from 1996 to 2004. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008, 49: 432-439. 10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31818a6561.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"1842_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31818d5a40","volume":"50","author":"RL Powell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Powell RL, Urbanski MM, Burda S, Kinge T, Nyambi PN: High frequency of HIV-1 dual infections among HIV-positive individuals in Cameroon, West Central Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009, 50: 84-92. 10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31818d5a40.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"1842_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-3-40","volume":"3","author":"HF Njai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Njai HF, Gali Y, Vanham G, Clybergh C, Jennes W, Vidal N, Butel C, Mpoudi-Ngolle E, Peeters M, Arien KK: The predominance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) circulating recombinant form 02 (CRF02_AG) in West Central Africa may be related to its replicative fitness. Retrovirology. 2006, 3: 40-10.1186\/1742-4690-3-40.","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"1842_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20572","volume":"78","author":"FA Konings","year":"2006","unstructured":"Konings FA, Burda ST, Urbanski MM, Zhong P, Nadas A, Nyambi PN: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) has a higher in vitro replicative capacity than its parental subtypes A and G. J Med Virol. 2006, 78: 523-534. 10.1002\/jmv.20572.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"1842_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000219784.81163.2e","volume":"42","author":"FA Konings","year":"2006","unstructured":"Konings FA, Haman GR, Xue Y, Urbanski MM, Hertzmark K, Nanfack A, Achkar JM, Burda ST, Nyambi PN: Genetic Analysis of HIV-1 Strains in Rural Eastern Cameroon Indicates the Evolution of Second-Generation Recombinants to Circulating Recombinant Forms. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006, 42: 331-341. 10.1097\/01.qai.0000219784.81163.2e.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"1842_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.0976","volume":"286","author":"JK Carr","year":"2001","unstructured":"Carr JK, Torimiro JN, Wolfe ND, Eitel MN, Kim B, Sanders-Buell E, Jagodzinski LL, Gotte D, Burke DS, Birx DL, McCutchan FE: The AG recombinant IbNG and novel strains of group M HIV-1 are common in Cameroon. Virology. 2001, 286: 168-181. 10.1006\/viro.2001.0976.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"1842_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.4.400","volume":"16","author":"PP Rose","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rose PP, Korber BT: Detecting hypermutations in viral sequences with an emphasis on G --> A hypermutation. Bioinformatics. 2000, 16: 400-401. 10.1093\/bioinformatics\/16.4.400.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"1842_CR15","volume-title":"HIV\/AIDS epidemiological surveillance report for the WHO African Region: 2007 Update","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2007","unstructured":"UNAIDS: HIV\/AIDS epidemiological surveillance report for the WHO African Region: 2007 Update. 2007, World Health Organization"},{"key":"1842_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6528","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.10.6528-6531.2005","volume":"79","author":"B Chohan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chohan B, Lang D, Sagar M, Korber B, Lavreys L, Richardson B, Overbaugh J: Selection for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycosylation variants with shorter V1-V2 loop sequences occurs during transmission of certain genetic subtypes and may impact viral RNA levels. J Virol. 2005, 79: 6528-6531. 10.1128\/JVI.79.10.6528-6531.2005.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1842_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200210180-00011","volume":"16","author":"M Hoelscher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hoelscher M, Dowling WE, Sanders-Buell E, Carr JK, Harris ME, Thomschke A, Robb ML, Birx DL, McCutchan FE: Detection of HIV-1 subtypes, recombinants, and dual infections in east Africa by a multi-region hybridization assay. AIDS. 2002, 16: 2055-2064. 10.1097\/00002030-200210180-00011.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"1842_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1007.030904","volume":"10","author":"ML Kalish","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kalish ML, Robbins KE, Pieniazek D, Schaefer A, Nzilambi N, Quinn TC, St Louis ME, Youngpairoj AS, Phillips J, Jaffe HW, Folks TM: Recombinant viruses and early global HIV-1 epidemic. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004, 10: 1227-1234.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1842_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07390","volume":"455","author":"M Worobey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Worobey M, Gemmel M, Teuwen DE, Haselkorn T, Kunstman K, Bunce M, Muyembe JJ, Kabongo JM, Kalengayi RM, Van Marck E, Gilbert MT, Wolinsky SM: Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960. Nature. 2008, 455: 661-664. 10.1038\/nature07390.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1842_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1038\/35400","volume":"391","author":"T Zhu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zhu T, Korber BT, Nahmias AJ, Hooper E, Sharp PM, Ho DD: An African HIV-1 sequence from 1959 and implications for the origin of the epidemic. Nature. 1998, 391: 594-597. 10.1038\/35400.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1842_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1089\/088922204323087778","volume":"20","author":"GH Kijak","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kijak GH, Sanders-Buell E, Wolfe ND, Mpoudi-Ngole E, Kim B, Brown B, Robb ML, Birx DL, Burke DS, Carr JK, McCutchan FE: Development and application of a high-throughput HIV type 1 genotyping assay to identify CRF02_AG in West\/West Central Africa. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2004, 20: 521-530. 10.1089\/088922204323087778.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"1842_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.495","volume":"72","author":"J Vinoles","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vinoles J, Serra M, Russi JC, Ruchansky D, Sosa-Estani S, Montano SM, Carrion G, Eyzaguirre LM, Carr JK, Olson JG, Bautista CT, Sanchez JL, Weissenbacher M: Seroincidence and phylogeny of human immunodeficiency virus infections in a cohort of commercial sex workers in Montevideo, Uruguay. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005, 72: 495-500.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1842_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199910010-00003","volume":"13","author":"JK Carr","year":"1999","unstructured":"Carr JK, Laukkanen T, Salminen MO, Albert J, Alaeus A, Kim B, Sanders-Buell E, Birx DL, McCutchan FE: Characterization of subtype A HIV-1 from Africa by full genome sequencing. AIDS. 1999, 13: 1819-1826. 10.1097\/00002030-199910010-00003.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"1842_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1995.1548","volume":"213","author":"MO Salminen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Salminen MO, Koch C, Sanders-Buell E, Ehrenberg PK, Michael NL, Carr JK, Burke DS, McCutchan FE: Recovery of virtually full-length HIV-1 provirus of diverse subtypes from primary virus cultures using the polymerase chain reaction. Virology. 1995, 213: 80-86. 10.1006\/viro.1995.1548.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"1842_CR25","volume-title":"Macintosh Edition","author":"E Linton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Linton E: MacGDE v. 2.4. Macintosh Edition. 2006"},{"key":"1842_CR26","first-page":"671","volume":"10","author":"SW Smith","year":"1994","unstructured":"Smith SW, Overbeek R, Woese CR, Gilbert W, Gillevet PM: The genetic data environment an expandable GUI for multiple sequence analysis. Comput Appl Biosci. 1994, 10: 671-675.","journal-title":"Comput Appl Biosci"},{"key":"1842_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbn017","volume":"9","author":"S Kumar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kumar S, Nei M, Dudley J, Tamura K: MEGA: a biologist-centric software for evolutionary analysis of DNA and protein sequences. Brief Bioinform. 2008, 9: 299-306. 10.1093\/bib\/bbn017.","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"1842_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1995.11.1423","volume":"11","author":"MO Salminen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Salminen MO, Carr JK, Burke DS, McCutchan FE: Identification of breakpoints in intergenotypic recombinants of HIV type 1 by bootscanning. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995, 11: 1423-1425. 10.1089\/aid.1995.11.1423.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"1842_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.152-160.1999","volume":"73","author":"K Lole","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lole K, Bollinger R, Paranjape R, Gadkari D, Kulkarni S, Novak N, Ingersoll R, Sheppard H, Ray S: Full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination. J Virol. 1999, 73: 152-160.","journal-title":"J Virol"}],"container-title":["Retrovirology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1742-4690-7-39.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1742-4690-7-39\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1742-4690-7-39.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T13:04:14Z","timestamp":1740143054000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/retrovirology.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1742-4690-7-39"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,28]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1842"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-4690-7-39","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-4690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-4690","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,28]]},"article-number":"39"}}