{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:21:36Z","timestamp":1790864496188,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Retrovirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We previously reported that cynomolgus monkey (CM) TRIM5\u03b1 could restrict human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) strains carrying a proline at the 120<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> position of the capsid protein (CA), but it failed to restrict those with a glutamine or an alanine. In contrast, rhesus monkey (Rh) TRIM5\u03b1 could restrict all HIV-2 strains tested but not simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from macaque (SIVmac), despite its genetic similarity to HIV-2.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We attempted to identify the viral determinant of SIVmac evasion from Rh TRIM5\u03b1-mediated restriction using chimeric viruses formed between SIVmac239 and HIV-2 GH123 strains. Consistent with a previous study, chimeric viruses carrying the loop between \u03b1-helices 4 and 5 (L4\/5) (from the 82<jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup> to 99<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> amino acid residues) of HIV-2 CA were efficiently restricted by Rh TRIM5\u03b1. However, the corresponding loop of SIVmac239 CA alone (from the 81<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup> to 97<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> amino acid residues) was not sufficient to evade Rh TRIM5\u03b1 restriction in the HIV-2 background. A single glutamine-to-proline substitution at the 118<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> amino acid of SIVmac239 CA, corresponding to the 120<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> amino acid of HIV-2 GH123, also increased susceptibility to Rh TRIM5\u03b1, indicating that glutamine at the 118<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> of SIVmac239 CA is necessary to evade Rh TRIM5\u03b1. In addition, the N-terminal portion (from the 5<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> to 12<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> amino acid residues) and the 107<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> and 109<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> amino acid residues in \u03b1-helix 6 of SIVmac CA are necessary for complete evasion from Rh TRIM5\u03b1-mediated restriction. A three-dimensional model of hexameric GH123 CA showed that these multiple regions are located on the CA surface, suggesting their direct interaction with TRIM5\u03b1.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We found that multiple regions of the SIVmac CA are necessary for complete evasion from Rh TRIM5\u03b1 restriction.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-7-72","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,8]],"date-time":"2010-09-08T18:14:32Z","timestamp":1283969672000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Multiple sites in the N-terminal half of simian immunodeficiency virus capsid protein contribute to evasion from rhesus monkey TRIM5\u03b1-mediated restriction"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ken","family":"Kono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haihan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hironori","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Shioda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emi E","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"1875_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/17130","volume":"397","author":"F Gao","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gao F, Bailes E, Robertson DL, Chen Y, Rodenburg CM, Michael SF, Cummins LB, Arthur LO, Peeters M, Shaw GM, Sharp PM, Hahn BH: Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes. 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