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To aid in the differential diagnosis of HAM and to identify pathogenetic mechanisms, we analysed the plasma proteome in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (ACs), patients with HAM, uninfected controls, and patients with MS. We used surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry to analyse the plasma proteome in 68 HTLV-1-infected individuals (in two non-overlapping sets, each comprising 17 patients with HAM and 17 ACs), 16 uninfected controls, and 11 patients with secondary progressive MS. Candidate biomarkers were identified by tandem Q-TOF mass spectrometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The concentrations of three plasma proteins - high [\u03b22-microglobulin], high [Calgranulin B], and low [apolipoprotein A2] - were specifically associated with HAM, independently of proviral load. The plasma [\u03b22-microglobulin] was positively correlated with disease severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicate that monocytes are activated by contact with activated endothelium in HAM. Using \u03b22-microglobulin and Calgranulin B alone we derive a diagnostic algorithm that correctly classified the disease status (presence or absence of HAM) in 81% of HTLV-1-infected subjects in the cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-8-81","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,8]],"date-time":"2011-11-08T07:26:11Z","timestamp":1320737171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Plasma proteome analysis in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Paul DW","family":"Kirk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aviva","family":"Witkover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Courtney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra M","family":"Lewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Wait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael PH","family":"Stumpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham P","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles RM","family":"Bangham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2618_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289809114225","volume":"4","author":"M Nagai","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nagai M, Usuku K, Matsumoto W, Kodama D, Takenouchi N, Moritoyo T, Hashiguchi S, Ichinose M, Bangham CR, Izumo S, Osame M: Analysis of HTLV-I proviral load in 202 HAM\/TSP patients and 243 asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers: high proviral load strongly predisposes to HAM\/TSP. 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