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The virus-infected or activated MPs may play a role in immuneregulation and disease progression in patients with HTLV-I-associated neurological diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phenotypic analysis of CD14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>monocytes in HAM\/TSP patients demonstrated high expression of CX<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>CR1 and HLA-DR in CD14<jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>CD16<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>monocytes, compared to healthy normal donors (NDs) and asymptomatic carriers (ACs), and the production of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 in cultured CD14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells of HAM\/TSP patients. CD14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells of HAM\/TSP patients also showed acceleration of HTLV-I Tax expression in CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells. Minocycline, an inhibitor of activated MPs, decreased TNF-\u03b1 expression in CD14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells and IL-1\u03b2 release in PBMCs of HAM\/TSP patients. Minocycline significantly inhibited spontaneous lymphoproliferation and degranulation\/IFN-\u03b3 expression in CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells of HAM\/TSP patients. Treatment of minocycline also inhibited IFN-\u03b3 expression in CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells of HAM\/TSP patients after Tax11-19 stimulation and downregulated MHC class I expression in CD14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results demonstrate that minocycline directly inhibits the activated MPs and that the downregulation of MP function can modulate CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells function in HAM\/TSP patients. It is suggested that activated MPs may be a therapeutic target for clinical intervention in HAM\/TSP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-9-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,15]],"date-time":"2012-02-15T15:17:54Z","timestamp":1329319074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Minocycline modulates antigen-specific CTL activity through inactivation of mononuclear phagocytes in patients with HTLV-I associated neurologic disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yoshimi","family":"Enose-Akahata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuetsu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Unsong","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2655_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70081-6","volume":"7","author":"K Verdonck","year":"2007","unstructured":"Verdonck K, Gonzalez E, Van Dooren S, Vandamme AM, Vanham G, Gotuzzo E: Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: recent knowledge about an ancient infection. 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