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Here, we examine the ability of exogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to block the replication of West Nile virus in human cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WNV replication and infection was greatly reduced when siRNA were introduced by cytoplasmic-targeted transfection prior to but not after the establishment of viral replication. WNV appeared to evade rather than actively block the RNAi machinery, as sequence-specific reduction in protein expression of a heterologous transgene was still observed in WNV-infected cells. However, sequence-specific decreases in WNV RNA were observed in cells undergoing active viral replication when siRNA was transfected by an alternate method, electroporation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest that actively replicating WNV RNA may not be exposed to the cytoplasmic RNAi machinery. Thus, conventional lipid-based siRNA delivery systems may not be adequate for therapy against enveloped RNA viruses that replicate in specialized membrane compartments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422x-2-53","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,29]],"date-time":"2005-06-29T04:00:51Z","timestamp":1120017651000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Actively replicating West Nile virus is resistant to cytoplasmic delivery of siRNA"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Brian J","family":"Geiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore C","family":"Pierson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S","family":"Diamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"68_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-3-200208060-00009","volume":"137","author":"LR Petersen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Petersen LR, Marfin AA: West Nile virus: a primer for the clinician. 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