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Freely diffusible hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) is implied to alter Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> homeostasis, which further enhances abnormal cellular activity, causing changes in signal transduction, and cellular dysfunction. Whether H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> could affect [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]i in HSV-1-infected cells had not been investigated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> treatment increased the amount of cell-free virus and decreased the proportion of viable cells. After the treatment, an elevation in [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]i was observed and the increase in [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]i was suppressed when intracellular and cytosolic Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> were buffered by Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> chelators. In the presence of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> chelators, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-mediated increases of cell-free virus and cell death were also diminished. Electron microscopic analysis revealed enlarged cell junctions and a focal disintegration of the plasma membrane in H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-treated cells.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These results indicate that H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> can elevate [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]i and induces non-apoptotic cell death with membrane lesions, which is responsible for the increased release of HSV-1 from epithelial cells.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422x-3-62","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,31]],"date-time":"2006-08-31T07:10:43Z","timestamp":1157008243000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Involvement of intracellular free Ca2+ in enhanced release of herpes simplex virus by hydrogen peroxide"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Emiko","family":"Arimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soichi","family":"Iwai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Sumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzo","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Yura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"169_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s004030050380","volume":"291","author":"D Watanabe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Watanabe D, Adachi A, Tomita Y, Yamamoto M, Kobayashi M, Nishiyama Y: The role of polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in herpes simplex virus infection of murine skin. 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