{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T10:32:00Z","timestamp":1789813920096,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in the oral cavity plays an important role in its horizontal transmission and in causing viral-associated oral diseases such as gingivitis. However, little is currently known about HCMV pathogenesis in oral mucosa, partially because HCMV infection is primarily limited to human cells and few cultured tissue or animal models are available for studying HCMV infection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this report, we studied the infection of HCMV in a cultured gingival tissue model (EpiGingival, MatTek Co.) and investigated whether the cultured tissue can be used to study HCMV infection in the oral mucosa. HCMV replicated in tissues that were infected through the apical surface, achieving a titer of at least 300-fold at 10 days postinfection. Moreover, the virus spread from the apical surface to the basal region and reduced the thickness of the stratum coreum at the apical region. Viral proteins IE1, UL44, and UL99 were expressed in infected tissues, a characteristic of HCMV lytic replication in vivo. Studies of a collection of eight viral mutants provide the first direct evidence that a mutant with a deletion of open reading frame US18 is deficient in growth in the tissues, suggesting that HCMV encodes specific determinants for its infection in oral mucosa. Treatment by ganciclovir abolished viral growth in the infected tissues.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These results suggest that the cultured gingival mucosa can be used as a tissue model for studying HCMV infection and for screening antivirals to block viral replication and transmission in the oral cavity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422x-3-84","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]],"date-time":"2006-10-05T19:46:47Z","timestamp":1160077607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Infection of human cytomegalovirus in cultured human gingival tissue"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Hai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Umamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"191_CR1","first-page":"2675","volume-title":"Fields Virology","author":"RF Pass","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pass RF: Cytomegalovirus. In Fields Virology. Edited by: Knipe DM and Howley PM. Philadelphia, Pa., Lippincott-William & Wilkins; 2001:2675-2706."},{"key":"191_CR2","first-page":"2629","volume-title":"Fields Virology","author":"ES Mocarski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mocarski ES, Courcelle CT: Cytomegalovirus and their replication. In Fields Virology. Edited by: Knipe DM and Howley PM. Philadelphia, Pa., Lippincott-William & Wilkins; 2001:2629-2673."},{"key":"191_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803263381301","volume":"338","author":"FJJ Palella","year":"1998","unstructured":"Palella FJJ, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, Loveless MO, Fuhrer J, Satten GA, Aschman DJ, Holmberg SD: Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1998, 338: 853-860. 10.1056\/NEJM199803263381301","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"191_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199801000-00004","volume":"12","author":"RE Chaisson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chaisson RE, Gallant JE, Keruly JC, Moore RD: Impact of opportunistic disease on survival in patients with HIV infection. Aids 1998, 12: 29-33. 10.1097\/00002030-199801000-00004","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"191_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199203053261003","volume":"326","author":"KB Fowler","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fowler KB, Stagno S, Pass RF, Britt WJ, Boll TJ, Alford CA: The outcome of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in relation to maternal antibody status. N Engl J Med 1992, 326: 663-667.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"191_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555818210.ch16","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases and adverse outcomes of pregnancy","author":"WJ Britt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Britt WJ: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection. In Sexually transmitted diseases and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Edited by: Hitchcock H, MacKay T and Wasserheit JN. Washington D.C., ASM Press; 1999:269-281."},{"key":"191_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000246047","volume":"194","author":"PH Itin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Itin PH, Lautenschlager S: Viral lesions of the mouth in HIV-infected patients. Dermatology 1997, 194: 1-7.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"191_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70359-4","volume":"14","author":"MS Greenberg","year":"1996","unstructured":"Greenberg MS: HIV-associated lesions. Dermatol Clin 1996, 14: 319-326. 10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70359-4","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"191_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1993.tb01069.x","volume":"22","author":"MM Schubert","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schubert MM, Epstein JB, Lloid ME, Cooney E: Oral infections due to cytomegalovirus in immunocompromised patients. J Oral Pathol Med 1993, 22: 268-273. 10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1993.tb01069.x","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"191_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890390213","volume":"39","author":"E Lucht","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lucht E, Albert J, Linde A, Xu W, Brytting M, Lundeberg J, Uhlen M, Bratt G, Sandstrom E, Heimdahl A, et al.: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus in saliva. J Med Virol 1993, 39: 156-162.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"191_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1993.0051","volume":"124","author":"GS Heinic","year":"1993","unstructured":"Heinic GS, Greenspan D, Greenspan JS: Oral CMV lesions and the HIV infected. Early recognition can help prevent morbidity. J Am Dent Assoc 1993, 124: 99-105.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"191_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1993.tb00359.x","volume":"20","author":"CL Dodd","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dodd CL, Winkler JR, Heinic GS, Daniels TE, Yee K, Greenspan D: Cytomegalovirus infection presenting as acute periodontal infection in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Periodontol 1993, 20: 282-285. 10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1993.tb00359.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"191_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(91)90018-8","volume":"72","author":"M Glick","year":"1991","unstructured":"Glick M, Cleveland DB, Salkin LM, Alfaro-Miranda M, Fielding AF: Intraoral cytomegalovirus lesion and HIV-associated periodontitis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991, 72: 716-720. 10.1016\/0030-4220(91)90018-8","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"191_CR14","first-page":"125","volume":"154","author":"MS Chee","year":"1990","unstructured":"Chee MS, Bankier AT, Beck S, Bohni R, Brown CM, Cerny R, Horsnell T, Hutchison CA, Kouzarides T, Martignetti JA, et al.: Analysis of the protein-coding content of the sequence of human cytomegalovirus strain AD169. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1990, 154: 125-169.","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"191_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14976","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2136652100","volume":"100","author":"E Murphy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Murphy E, Yu D, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Dickson M, Jarvis MA, Hahn G, Nelson JA, Myers RM, Shenk TE: Coding potential of laboratory and clinical strains of human cytomegalovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003, 100: 14976-14981. 10.1073\/pnas.2136652100","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"191_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.1.104","volume":"90","author":"ES Mocarski","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mocarski ES, Bonyhadi M, Salimi S, McCune JM, Kaneshima H: Human cytomegalovirus in a SCID-hu mouse: thymic epithelial cells are prominent targets of viral replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993, 90: 104-108. 10.1073\/pnas.90.1.104","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"191_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2971269","volume":"241","author":"JM McCune","year":"1988","unstructured":"McCune JM, Namikawa R, Kaneshima H, Shultz LD, Lieberman M, Weissman IL: The SCID-hu mouse: murine model for the analysis of human hematolymphoid differentiation and function. Science 1988, 241: 1632-1639. 10.1126\/science.2971269","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"191_CR18","first-page":"149","volume":"12 Suppl 1","author":"ER Kern","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kern ER, Rybak RJ, Hartline CB, Bidanset DJ: Predictive efficacy of SCID-hu mouse models for treatment of human cytomegalovirus infections. Antivir Chem Chemother 2001, 12 Suppl 1: 149-156.","journal-title":"Antivir Chem Chemother"},{"key":"191_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0722.2000.108005442.x","volume":"108","author":"G Schmalz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schmalz G, Schweikl H, Hiller KA: Release of prostaglandin E2, IL-6 and IL-8 from human oral epithelial culture models after exposure to compounds of dental materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2000, 108: 442-448. 10.1034\/j.1600-0722.2000.108005442.x","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"191_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-997-0019-0","volume":"33","author":"A Delcourt-Huard","year":"1997","unstructured":"Delcourt-Huard A, Corlu A, Joffre A, Magloire H, Bonnaure-Mallet M: Reconstituted human gingival epithelium: nonsubmerged in vitro model. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1997, 33: 30-36.","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim"},{"key":"191_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1997.tb00549.x","volume":"32","author":"P Tomakidi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tomakidi P, Fusenig NE, Kohl A, Komposch G: Histomorphological and biochemical differentiation capacity in organotypic co-cultures of primary gingival cells. J Periodontal Res 1997, 32: 388-400. 10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1997.tb00549.x","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"191_CR22","volume-title":"Characterization of new buccal and gingival epithelial tissue models:","author":"J Kubilus","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kubilus J, Breyfogle BA, Sheasgreen JE, Hayden PJ, Wertz P, Dale BA, Kimball JR, Klausner M: Characterization of new buccal and gingival epithelial tissue models: ; Providence, RI.. ; 2004."},{"key":"191_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14223","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2334032100","volume":"100","author":"W Dunn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dunn W, Chou C, Li H, Hai R, Patterson D, Stolc V, Zhu H, Liu F: Functional profiling of human cytomegalovirus genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003, 100: 14223-14228. 10.1073\/pnas.2334032100","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"191_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8320","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.10.8320-8329.1999","volume":"73","author":"EM Borst","year":"1999","unstructured":"Borst EM, Hahn G, Koszinowski UH, Messerle M: Cloning of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome in Escherichia coli: a new approach for construction of HCMV mutants. J Virol 1999, 73: 8320-8329.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"191_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14759","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.26.14759","volume":"94","author":"M Messerle","year":"1997","unstructured":"Messerle M, Crnkovic I, Hammerschmidt W, Ziegler H, Koszinowski UH: Cloning and mutagenesis of a herpesvirus genome as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997, 94: 14759-14763. 10.1073\/pnas.94.26.14759","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"191_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(80)90172-5","volume":"22","author":"ES Mocarski","year":"1980","unstructured":"Mocarski ES, Post LE, Roizman B: Molecular engineering of the herpes simplex virus genome: insertion of a second L-S junction into the genome causes additional genome inversions. Cell 1980, 22: 243-255. 10.1016\/0092-8674(80)90172-5","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"191_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/7914","volume":"17","author":"W Brune","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brune W, Menard C, Hobom U, Odenbreit S, Messerle M, Koszinowski UH: Rapid identification of essential and nonessential herpesvirus genes by direct transposon mutagenesis. Nat Biotechnol 1999, 17: 360-364. 10.1038\/7914","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"191_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3033824","volume":"236","author":"PC Weber","year":"1987","unstructured":"Weber PC, Levine M, Glorioso JC: Rapid identification of nonessential genes of herpes simplex virus type 1 by Tn5 mutagenesis. Science 1987, 236: 576-579. 10.1126\/science.3033824","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"191_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4873","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.080502497","volume":"97","author":"GA Smith","year":"2000","unstructured":"Smith GA, Enquist LW: A self-recombining bacterial artificial chromosome and its application for analysis of herpesvirus pathogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000, 97: 4873-4878. 10.1073\/pnas.080502497","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"191_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7213","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.20.7213","volume":"84","author":"RR Spaete","year":"1987","unstructured":"Spaete RR, Mocarski ES: Insertion and deletion mutagenesis of the human cytomegalovirus genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987, 84: 7213-7217. 10.1073\/pnas.84.20.7213","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"191_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2004.02.002","volume":"63","author":"DJ Bidanset","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bidanset DJ, Rybak RJ, Hartline CB, Kern ER: Efficacy of ganciclovir and cidofovir against human cytomegalovirus replication in SCID mice implanted with human retinal tissue. Antiviral Res 2004, 63: 61-64. 10.1016\/j.antiviral.2004.02.002","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"191_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/358162a0","volume":"358","author":"V Sullivan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sullivan V, Talarico CL, Stanat SC, Davis M, Coen DM, Biron KK: A protein kinase homologue controls phosphorylation of ganciclovir in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells. Nature 1992, 358: 162-164. 10.1038\/358162a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"191_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02624209","volume":"26","author":"D Oda","year":"1990","unstructured":"Oda D, Dale BA, Bourekis G: Human oral epithelial cell culture. II. Keratin expression in fetal and adult gingival cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 1990, 26: 596-603.","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"191_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.12.3.521-527.1975","volume":"12","author":"SA Plotkin","year":"1975","unstructured":"Plotkin SA, Furukawa T, Zygraich N, Huygelen C: Candidate cytomegalovirus strain for human vaccination. Infect Immun 1975, 12: 521-527.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"191_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.5.860","volume":"159","author":"SA Plotkin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Plotkin SA, Starr SE, Friedman HM, Gonczol E, Weibel RE: Protective effects of Towne cytomegalovirus vaccine against low-passage cytomegalovirus administered as a challenge. J Infect Dis 1989, 159: 860-865.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"191_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.4.1870-1878.2001","volume":"75","author":"A Marchini","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marchini A, Liu H, Zhu H: Human cytomegalovirus with IE-2 (UL122) deleted fails to express early lytic genes. J Virol 2001, 75: 1870-1878. 10.1128\/JVI.75.4.1870-1878.2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"191_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.1.78-83.1996","volume":"70","author":"TA Cha","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cha TA, Tom E, Kemble GW, Duke GM, Mocarski ES, Spaete RR: Human cytomegalovirus clinical isolates carry at least 19 genes not found in laboratory strains. J Virol 1996, 70: 78-83.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"191_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18606-0","volume":"84","author":"AJ Davison","year":"2003","unstructured":"Davison AJ, Dolan A, Akter P, Addison C, Dargan DJ, Alcendor DJ, McGeoch DJ, Hayward GS: The human cytomegalovirus genome revisited: comparison with the chimpanzee cytomegalovirus genome. J Gen Virol 2003, 84: 17-28. 10.1099\/vir.0.18606-0","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"191_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)00391-9","volume":"2","author":"R Gendron","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gendron R, Grenier D, Maheu-Robert L: The oral cavity as a reservoir of bacterial pathogens for focal infections. Microbes Infect 2000, 2: 897-906. 10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)00391-9","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"191_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02094-7","volume":"9","author":"RA Calderone","year":"2001","unstructured":"Calderone RA, Fonzi WA: Virulence factors of Candida albicans. Trends Microbiol 2001, 9: 327-335. 10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02094-7","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"191_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(02)00056-6","volume":"21","author":"BR Hairston","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hairston BR, Bruce AJ, Rogers RS: Viral diseases of the oral mucosa. Dermatol Clin 2003, 21: 17-32. 10.1016\/S0733-8635(02)00056-6","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"191_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81054-5","volume":"84","author":"EJ Wiertz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wiertz EJ, Jones TR, Sun L, Bogyo M, Geuze HJ, Ploegh HL: The human cytomegalovirus US11 gene product dislocates MHC class I heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Cell 1996, 84: 769-779. 10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81054-5","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"191_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81539-1","volume":"99","author":"DN Streblow","year":"1999","unstructured":"Streblow DN, Soderberg-Naucler C, Vieira J, Smith P, Wakabayashi E, Ruchti F, Mattison K, Altschuler Y, Nelson JA: The human cytomegalovirus chemokine receptor US28 mediates vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Cell 1999, 99: 511-520. 10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81539-1","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"191_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3794","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.6.3794-3802.1992","volume":"66","author":"WC Manning","year":"1992","unstructured":"Manning WC, Stoddart CA, Lagenaur LA, Abenes GB, Mocarski ES: Cytomegalovirus determinant of replication in salivary glands. J Virol 1992, 66: 3794-3802.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"191_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.3.1191-1203.2006","volume":"80","author":"S Das","year":"2006","unstructured":"Das S, Skomorovska-Prokvolit Y, Wang FZ, Pellett PE: Infection-dependent nuclear localization of US17, a member of the US12 family of human cytomegalovirus-encoded seven-transmembrane proteins. J Virol 2006, 80: 1191-1203. 10.1128\/JVI.80.3.1191-1203.2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"191_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14831","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.261560598","volume":"98","author":"W Dunn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dunn W, Trang P, Khan U, Zhu J, Liu F: RNase P-mediated inhibition of cytomegalovirus protease expression and viral DNA encapsidation by oligonucleotide external guide sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001, 98: 14831-14836. 10.1073\/pnas.261560598","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"191_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5812","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.100101797","volume":"97","author":"P Trang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Trang P, Lee M, Nepomuceno E, Kim J, Zhu H, Liu F: Effective inhibition of human cytomegalovirus gene expression and replication by a ribozyme derived from the catalytic RNA subunit of RNase P from Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000, 97: 5812-5817. 10.1073\/pnas.100101797","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["Virology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1743-422X-3-84.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:01:24Z","timestamp":1630454484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/virologyj.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1743-422X-3-84"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-422x-3-84","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-422X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-422X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2006","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2006","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2006","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"84"}}