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Patients were identified by a systematic screening of 1176 consecutive new incoming offenders in a German young offender institution. Four of the seven patients never developed anti-HCV antibodies and had normal ALT levels throughout follow-up. Transient weak HCV-specific CD4+ T cell responses were detectable in five individuals which did not differ in strength and breadth from age- and sex-matched patients with chronic hepatitis C and long-term recovered patients. In contrast, HCV-specific MHC-class-I-tetramer-positive cells were found in 3 of 4 HLA-A2-positive patients. Thus, these cases highlight that clearance of low levels of HCV viremia is possible in the absence of a strong adaptive immune response which might explain the low seroconversion rate after occupational exposure to HCV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422x-4-58","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,12]],"date-time":"2007-06-12T06:27:43Z","timestamp":1181629663000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Clearance of low levels of HCV viremia in the absence of a strong adaptive immune response"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Manuela F","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Cornberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Wiegand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P","family":"Manns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Klade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiner","family":"Wedemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"271_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1089\/08828240260066233","volume":"15","author":"E Barnes","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barnes E, Lauer G, Walker B, Klenerman P: T cell failure in hepatitis C virus infection. 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