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Hence the present study was designed to evaluate the antiviral activity of 14 MIBT derivatives against Flaviviruses that are prevalent in India such as Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), Dengue-2 (Den-2) and West Nile viruses (WNV).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Amongst the fourteen Mannich bases of MIBT derivatives tested one compound \u2013 SCH 16 was able to completely inhibit <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) replication. However no antiviral activity of SCH 16 was noted against Den-2 virus replication. This compound was able to inhibit 50% of the plaques (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) produced by JEV and WNV at a concentration of 16 \u03bcgm\/ml (0.000025 \u03bcM) and 4 \u03bcgm\/ml (0.000006 \u03bcM) respectively. Furthermore, SCH 16 at a concentration of 500 mg\/kg body weight administered by oral route twice daily was able to completely (100%) prevent mortality in mice challenged with 50LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> JEV by the peripheral route. Our experiments to understand the mechanism of action suggest that SCH 16 inhibited JEV replication at the level of early protein translation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Only one of the 14 isatin derivatives -SCH 16 exhibited antiviral action on JEV and WNV virus infection <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. SCH 16 was also found to completely inhibit JEV replication <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> in a mouse model challenged peripherally with 50LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of the virus. These results warrant further research and development on SCH 16 as a possible therapeutic agent.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422x-5-64","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,22]],"date-time":"2008-05-22T18:13:34Z","timestamp":1211480014000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["N-methylisatin-beta-thiosemicarbazone derivative (SCH 16) is an inhibitor of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in vitro and in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Liba","family":"Sebastian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhusudana N","family":"Shampur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogeeswari","family":"Perumal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Sriram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Vasanthapuram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"413_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2174\/157489106775244055","volume":"1","author":"Shi Ray","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ray Shi: Recent advances in Flavivirus Antiviral Drug Discovery and Vaccine Development. 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