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We previously noticed that influenza viruses isolated from distinct orders of aquatic and terrestrial birds may differ in their fine receptor-binding specificity by recognizing the structure of the inner parts of Neu5Ac\u03b12-3Gal-terminated sialyloligosaccharide receptors. To further characterize these differences, we studied receptor-binding properties of a large panel of influenza A viruses from wild aquatic birds, poultry, pigs and horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using a competitive solid-phase binding assay, we determined viral binding to polymeric conjugates of sialyloligosaccharides differing by the type of Neu5Ac\u03b1-Gal linkage and by the structure of the more distant parts of the oligosaccharide chain. Influenza viruses isolated from terrestrial poultry differed from duck viruses by an enhanced binding to sulfated and\/or fucosylated Neu5Ac\u03b12-3Gal-containing sialyloligosaccharides. Most of the poultry viruses tested shared a high binding affinity for the 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X (Su-SLe\n                      <jats:sup>x<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Efficient binding of poultry viruses to Su-SLe\n                      <jats:sup>x<\/jats:sup>\n                      was often accompanied by their ability to bind to Neu5Ac\u03b12-6Gal-terminated (human-type) receptors. Such a dual receptor-binding specificity was demonstrated for the North American and Eurasian H7 viruses, H9N2 Eurasian poultry viruses, and H1, H3 and H9 avian-like virus isolates from pigs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Influenza viruses of terrestrial poultry differ from ancestral duck viruses by enhanced binding to sulfated and\/or fucosylated Neu5Ac\u03b12-3Gal-terminated receptors and, occasionally, by the ability to bind to Neu5Ac\u03b12-6Gal-terminated (human-type) receptors. These findings suggest that the adaptation to receptors in poultry can enhance the potential of an avian virus for avian-to-human transmission and pandemic spread.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422x-5-85","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,24]],"date-time":"2008-07-24T14:14:18Z","timestamp":1216908858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["6-sulfo sialyl Lewis X is the common receptor determinant recognized by H5, H6, H7 and H9 influenza viruses of terrestrial poultry"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Alexandra S","family":"Gambaryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander B","family":"Tuzikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galina V","family":"Pazynina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia A","family":"Desheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolai V","family":"Bovin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail N","family":"Matrosovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander I","family":"Klimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"434_CR1","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Influenza Virology: Current Topics","author":"MN Matrosovich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Matrosovich MN, Klenk HD, Kawaoka Y: Receptor specificity, host range and pathogenicity of influenza viruses. 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